4. Packets, routers and reliability

Data is broken down, sent, then reconstructed on arrival

Information does not follow a fixed path; it travels in packets from one place to another

Cheapest Path

Routers send on cheapest path; meaning time and politics instead of money

Network is fault tolerant.

Path is used to send packets by routers and routers will always choose the cheapest path considering the time and non-technical factors such as politics and relationship between companies.

IP Packets

IP (Internet Protocol) Packets are basic units of information that is transferred through networks. It follows the internet protocol, a set of network rules for device communication, when sending packets of information. 

Routers

Routers are used to move packets through the networks smoothly. If one is full, it can send packets to another router to keep things moving. Routers also try to move packets through the "cheapest path" which is based on the time it takes as well as other factors.

Top Level Domain

The top level domain is the highest level domain in the internet's domain name system. It is located to the right of the "dot" sign. Common TLDs include .com, .org, and .edu.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), is the entity that coordinates domains and IP addresses for the internet.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets between applications running on hosts communicating by an IP network.

TCP manages sending and receiving of data, and inventories to make sure all packages delivered.

URL, server, HTTP, GET Request, HTML

HTTP POST, SSL, TLS, HTTPS