1	Digital Library Overview INLS 235 Spring 2003
2	Emerging Concept: Digital Library Scientific databases Collaboratories Shared library materials Network infrastructure Digital multimedia technologies DLI1 & DLI2 Initiatives DL conferences, workshops, and RFPs The application of many informatics research and development principles and practices
3	One Definition Digital libraries are the logical extensions and augmentations of physical libraries in the electronic information society. Extensions amplify existing resources and services and augmentations enable new kinds of human problem solving and expression. [Marchionini, Encyclopedia of LIS]
4	Another Definition The notion of a "digital library" is a metaphor for thinking about data collections in a networked world. Digital libraries may take many forms, but they all share some common infrastructure and goals. For starters, digital libraries build upon collections of digital or digitized data and rely on the Internet for accessing and sharing these collections. Common goals include preserving the data over time for interested communities and helping transform the data into information and knowledge. [NSF 2002 fact sheet]
5	Another Definition The field of digital libraries deals with augmenting human civilization through the application of digital technology to the information problems addressed by institutions such as libraries, archives, museums, schools, publishers, and other information agencies. Work on digital libraries focuses on integrating services and better serving human needs, through holistic treatment irrespective of interface, location, time, language and system.
6	What is a DL? Characteristics electronic digital formats networked (sharable information) organization apparent (a library not a pile) Collection development policy Systematic data structuring and tagging use (fair) policy persistent guidance and referral community based
7	Motivations and Evolution Technology Push Technology demands attention—rapid changes (e.g., Moore’s Law). Funding Push National Funding: e.g., DLI, NSDL in US, DELOS in EU Scientific and cultural information needs Dissemination, preservation, collaboration Communities International library community Conferences, workshops (ECDL, JCDL, ICADL, etc.)
8	Where is the library?
9	DL components
10	Library Extension: Current Digital Library R&D
11	Digital Library Design Space
12	Technology Infrastructure high-speed networks, mass storage, CPUs ubiquitous access (home, car, office) Access indexing and metadata techniques Retrieval, transfer, and display techniques Interfaces I/O: GUIs, ZUIs, AR multiple modes, mobile Software engineering rapid prototyping, iterative design interoperability and federated architectures
13	Community Changing practice of work and learning new corporate cultures new communities of practice--ecologies Intellectual property copyrights, derivative work Interoperation and Standards data metadata Information security and authority trust encryption quality control, watermarking
14	Content Selection and acquisition Collection development and quality control Rights, digitization Multimedia (includes code) Storage, QoS, standards Indexing and metadata Policies Standards Maintenance & Preservation Backups, version control, link management Archives, authority, dispensation
15	Services Query and Selection User interfaces, visualizations, universal access Reference NLP, FAQ, Chat Costs, privacy Filtering/SDI Collaborative/recommender systems, ‘MyLibraries’ Learning and Instruction Consortia, clearinghouses, portals
16	R&D Challenges Interoperation Technical (e.g., hardware, software) Data and metadata (e.g., formats, protocols) People (e.g., language, culture) Institutions (e.g., consortia) Discovery and Use Indexing and representation Retrieval algorithms (e.g., multiple sources of evidence) Interactive interfaces (e.g., agile views, visualizations)
17	R&D Challenges (cont’) Collection Development and Contributions Degree of control Version control Help/Reference Automatic/human mix (e.g., from FAQ to chat) Need analysis/ (‘reference interview’) Maintenance and Preservation Assuring persistence and stability/authority
18	R&D Challenges (cont’) Intellectual Property Own/license(rent), free/fee Securing, tracking Hybrid Libraries Parallel systems (costs, redundancies) Informing users
19	Toward Augmentation: The Sharium Model
20	Library Augmentations New types of reuse and sharing Patron Contributions Virtual communities and collaboratories Direct support for creation and use (entire information life cycle) Collaborative filtering, cataloging, question answering Open-source libraries
21	Sharium A virtual workspace with rich content and powerful tools where people can work independently or collaborate with each other to learn and solve information problems. A collaborative problem solving environment: Organized around resources and tools Encourages contributions and participation Is sustainable