| INLS 235 | |
| Spring 2003 |
Emerging Concept: Digital Library
| Scientific databases | |
| Collaboratories | |
| Shared library materials | |
| Network infrastructure | |
| Digital multimedia technologies | |
| DLI1 & DLI2 Initiatives | |
| DL conferences, workshops, and RFPs | |
| The application of many informatics research and development principles and practices |
| Digital libraries are the logical extensions and augmentations of physical libraries in the electronic information society. Extensions amplify existing resources and services and augmentations enable new kinds of human problem solving and expression. [Marchionini, Encyclopedia of LIS] |
| The notion of a "digital library" is a metaphor for thinking about data collections in a networked world. Digital libraries may take many forms, but they all share some common infrastructure and goals. For starters, digital libraries build upon collections of digital or digitized data and rely on the Internet for accessing and sharing these collections. Common goals include preserving the data over time for interested communities and helping transform the data into information and knowledge. [NSF 2002 fact sheet] |
| The field of digital libraries deals with augmenting human civilization through the application of digital technology to the information problems addressed by institutions such as libraries, archives, museums, schools, publishers, and other information agencies. Work on digital libraries focuses on integrating services and better serving human needs, through holistic treatment irrespective of interface, location, time, language and system. |
| Characteristics | |||
| electronic digital formats | |||
| networked (sharable information) | |||
| organization apparent (a library not a pile) | |||
| Collection development policy | |||
| Systematic data structuring and tagging | |||
| use (fair) policy | |||
| persistent | |||
| guidance and referral | |||
| community based | |||
| Technology Push | ||
| Technology demands attention—rapid changes (e.g., Moore’s Law). | ||
| Funding Push | ||
| National Funding: e.g., DLI, NSDL in US, DELOS in EU | ||
| Scientific and cultural information needs | ||
| Dissemination, preservation, collaboration | ||
| Communities | ||
| International library community | ||
| Conferences, workshops (ECDL, JCDL, ICADL, etc.) | ||
Library Extension: Current Digital Library R&D
| Infrastructure | ||
| high-speed networks, mass storage, CPUs | ||
| ubiquitous access (home, car, office) | ||
| Access | ||
| indexing and metadata techniques | ||
| Retrieval, transfer, and display techniques | ||
| Interfaces | ||
| I/O: GUIs, ZUIs, AR | ||
| multiple modes, mobile | ||
| Software engineering | ||
| rapid prototyping, iterative design | ||
| interoperability and federated architectures | ||
| Changing practice of work and learning | ||
| new corporate cultures | ||
| new communities of practice--ecologies | ||
| Intellectual property | ||
| copyrights, derivative work | ||
| Interoperation and Standards | ||
| data | ||
| metadata | ||
| Information security and authority | ||
| trust | ||
| encryption | ||
| quality control, watermarking | ||
| Selection and acquisition | ||
| Collection development and quality control | ||
| Rights, digitization | ||
| Multimedia (includes code) | ||
| Storage, QoS, standards | ||
| Indexing and metadata | ||
| Policies | ||
| Standards | ||
| Maintenance & Preservation | ||
| Backups, version control, link management | ||
| Archives, authority, dispensation | ||
| Query and Selection | ||
| User interfaces, visualizations, universal access | ||
| Reference | ||
| NLP, FAQ, Chat | ||
| Costs, privacy | ||
| Filtering/SDI | ||
| Collaborative/recommender systems, ‘MyLibraries’ | ||
| Learning and Instruction | ||
| Consortia, clearinghouses, portals | ||
| Interoperation | ||
| Technical (e.g., hardware, software) | ||
| Data and metadata (e.g., formats, protocols) | ||
| People (e.g., language, culture) | ||
| Institutions (e.g., consortia) | ||
| Discovery and Use | ||
| Indexing and representation | ||
| Retrieval algorithms (e.g., multiple sources of evidence) | ||
| Interactive interfaces (e.g., agile views, visualizations) | ||
| Collection Development and Contributions | ||
| Degree of control | ||
| Version control | ||
| Help/Reference | ||
| Automatic/human mix (e.g., from FAQ to chat) | ||
| Need analysis/ (‘reference interview’) | ||
| Maintenance and Preservation | ||
| Assuring persistence and stability/authority | ||
| Intellectual Property | ||
| Own/license(rent), free/fee | ||
| Securing, tracking | ||
| Hybrid Libraries | ||
| Parallel systems (costs, redundancies) | ||
| Informing users | ||
Toward Augmentation: The Sharium Model
| New types of reuse and sharing | |
| Patron Contributions | |
| Virtual communities and collaboratories | |
| Direct support for creation and use (entire information life cycle) | |
| Collaborative filtering, cataloging, question answering | |
| Open-source libraries |
| A virtual workspace with rich content and powerful tools where people can work independently or collaborate with each other to learn and solve information problems. A collaborative problem solving environment: | ||
| Organized around resources and tools | ||
| Encourages contributions and participation | ||
| Is sustainable | ||