THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN ANIMATION
A Pathfinder by Jason Sokoloff
ARTICLES

There are countless articles about individual animated films, many of which appear at the time of a film's theatrical engagement. But the best news and feature articles for students of animation history are contemporary looks at older films and their reflection of American society at a point in time.

  • Lehman, Christopher P. "The New Black Animated Images of 1946," Journal of Popular Film and Television. Summer 2001, p. 74 (Davis PN 1993.J66)
    This article discusses stereotypical animated images of African Americans and other ethnic groups in the context of two rather progressive films released in 1946. "John Henry" and "The Brotherhood of Man" both portrayed African Americans in a more dignified and realistic manner than had been common in animated films and indeed motion pictures in general.

  • Dennis, Jeffrey P. "The Same Thing We Do Every Night," Journal of Popular Film and Television. Fall 2003, pp. 132-141. (Davis PN 1993.J66)
    This critical essay explores the evolution of illicit and sometimes surprisingly explicit imagery of same-sex relationships in animated television series since the 1950s. While adult readers may scoff at the notion that the characters they watched as kids were symbols for homosexuality, the author makes a rather intriguing case that same-sex relationships in TV cartoons run parallel to society's acceptance of homosexuality in general.

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