Tools for Information Literacy ⑨ Document objects

Work in the header and footer layers

These Header and Footer instructions assume you have already sectioned your document correctly.

Headers (not the same thing as HEADINGS)

After toggling to the header and using the Show Next button on the header toolbar, insert descriptive headers for each section

The Thesis and Dissertation Guide says nothing about headers, but we will add them to our document so that it will be set up to be printed as a book. We want to add headers to odd and even pages in the chapters of of our document, so when it is printed the reader can see at a glance where they are in it. It might look like this.

In the example above, "AVOGADRO CORP" was put in the header of each even page, "WILLIAM HERTLING" was put in the header of each odd page, and the headers are center aligned.

The page number is outside aligned in the footer.

But we will do ours differently. We will put the document title in the head of each even numbered page in the chapters and will ensure that the chapter title in each chapter odd page section is unique to the chapter.

After we have done the headers, we will put the page numbers in the footers, and center align them.

First, the headers ...

Add headers to your document so that the even page headers for all sections beginning with the first chapter and ending with the 15th chapter in your document have the title of the document centered in them.

Using the Next button in the Header&Footer ribbon, move to Even Page Header - Section 5.

You will start to create headers in Even Page Header - Section 5 (which is the header of the section that you placed at the start of Chapter 1).

Start with 1 | Drums That Talk. Find the Even Page Header - Section 5. Remember to unlink this header from the header for the even page header for section 4, for if you don't, the header you enter here will propagate back through even page headers for the previous section as well as the subsequent sections.
- Remember to apply the header style to the name of the book in the header (don't paste in the name of the book formatted in Title style in the header; change the format to Header style).
Since the even page headers will populate to the end of the book, and we want even page headers only in the chapter headers, we will need to go to the even page header for section 20 (Epilogue) and unlink it from repeating the header in section 19. All the even page headers in sections from 20 to the end of the document will remain connected. So, we need now to delete the even page header from section 20 and all the remainder will be deleted as well.

Then go on to do the same thing by placing the chapter titles in odd page headers, but with a difference.

FIRST, be sure that the header for this odd page section header is NOT linked to previous. Having deselected that button, type the section name into the header. For example, in the section, you would add the words 1 | Drums That Talk in the header.
Then go on to do the same for each succeeding odd page sections (or, said another way, for each succeeding chapter) - not same as previous, then add chapter number and title.
Then go on to do the same for each succeeding odd page sections (or, said another way, for each succeeding chapter) - not same as previous, then add chapter number and title.

REMEMBER, you must first be sure the section header you are about to modify is NOT LINKED TO PREVIOUS. Once you have done this, when you change the header, you change the header you are working on and all the headers that follow it, but you do not change the headers you have already done.

The result should be ...

the title of the document in every even page header from section 5 to section 19
the title of each chapter in every odd page header from section 5 to section 19 (but with every subsequent chaphter title in every subsequent odd page header - you will have 15 different odd page headers ).

In the image below, we can see that the program view does not display any last page in a section if it has no text upon it. The page numbering will be correct even if it seems like it skips a number.

Be careful with page numbers.
Word for Mac is especially sensitive.
Entering page numbers needs to be done in the following sequence.

Step 01: There will be no page numbers visible on any first page section, so do not enter a number on the title page.

Since all the footers are linked together, this will ensure there are no page numbers in every first page footer section.

[MSWord 365 set up page number centered in footer]

Step 02: Move to the first even page footer you find and insert a page number at the bottom center of the page. This, too, will enter a page number in the footer of every subsequent even page in the document.

Step 03: Move to the first odd page footer you find and insert a page number at the bottom center of the page. This, too, will enter a page number in the footer of every subsequent odd page in the document.

These three actions will result in your document being numbered from 1 on the title page to whatever the number turns out to be on the last page in the document that has text on it. (If the last page of the document with text on it is an odd page, the document will end with a blank even page with no page number on it).

Section 3 is the same, it will only have a first page and thus it will have no number in it. Section 3 has no even pages, nor any odd pages.

Then go to the next footer, the First Page footer in section 4. There should be no number here because it is linked to the First Page footer in section 1.

The Even Page footer should already have a number in it because it should be linked to the previous (even page) footer.

Step 04: We will see our first odd page footer in section 4. Insert a page number in the Odd Page footer in Section 4. It should inherit the formatting of the even page in section one, but if it doesn't, just change the format to lower case Roman numerals.

We now have page numbers in all the odd and even footers for the document since each succeeding footer inherits the one that came before it.

But the Thesis and Dissertation Guide has some specifics about page numbering.

Use lower case Roman numerals (ii, iii, iv, etc.) on all pages preceding the first page of chapter one. The title page counts as page i, but the number does not appear (though you may still need to format the page number on the title page, even if it does not appear). Therefore, the first page showing a number will be the copyright page with ii at the bottom.
Arabic numerals (beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) start at chapter one or the introduction, if applicable. Arabic numbers must be included on all pages of the text, illustrations, notes, and any other materials that follow. Thus, the first page of chapter one will show an Arabic numeral 1, and numbering of all subsequent pages will follow in order.

So, we need to make some modifications.

Step 05:

Navigate to the first page footer in section 5 and delink this footer from previous first page footers.
Navigate to the inital even page footer in section 5 and delink this footer from previous even page footers.
Navigate to the inital odd page footer in section 5 and delink this footer from previous odd page footers.

Step 06: re-paginate the chapters to the end

Navigate to the first page footer in section 5 and format the page number to Arabic numerals with page number starting at 1.
Navigate to the first even page footer in section 5 and format the page number to Arabic numerals with page number starting at 1.
Navigate to the first odd page footer in section 5 and format the page number to Arabic numerals with page number starting at 1.

This will now propagate to all the pages from the first page in chapter 1 to the very end of the document being paginated correctly from 1 to whatever the last full page of text is numbered.

Step 07: re-paginate the sections that precede the first chapter

Navigate to the first page footer in section 1 and format the page number to lower case Roman numerals with page number starting at 1. The new page number will be i
Navigate to the first even page footer in section 1 and format the page number to lower case Roman numerals with page number starting at 1. The new page number will be ii
Navigate to the first odd page footer (probably in section 4) and format the page number to lower case Roman numerals with page number starting at 1. The new page number will probably be ix
Ensure that all the page numbers in sections 1-4 are in lower case Roman numeral format.

This will now propagate to all the pages from the first page in chapter 1 to the very end of the document being paginated correctly from 1 to whatever the last full page of text is numbered.

First, navigate to even page footer, section 5. Once there, unlink this footer from the previous.
Second, format the page number in even page section 5 to display in Arabic numerals and restart the numbering at "1". (The page number on the even page will be 2 because 1 is not shown on the First Page footer)

But the Thesis and Dissertation Guide says there will be no number on the title page..

Step 08: navigate to the first page footer in section 2 and delink it from the previous section.

Then go to the first page footer in section 1 and delete it. The deletion will only be for the title page and will not affect any subsequent first page footers.

[MSWord 365 format page number centered in footer]

As you add or subtract pages from the manuscript, the pagination will adjust without need of correction.

Footnotes

We want to see the difference between a footnote and a footer.

A footer is the bottom margin of each page. Headers and footers are useful for including material that you want to appear on every page of a document, like a page number.

A footnote is a note at the bottom of a page in a book which provides more detailed information about something that is mentioned on that page. The tool to insert it is found in the references ribbon.

It exists in a layer between the body text and the footer, a layer that the tool will add to the page.

We will insert a footnote.

Find the words "not a binary language" in the text, and add a footnote after "language" using an arabic numeral at the end of the sentence.

In the footnote (which is in a different layer from the text and from the footer), insert the following text:

Operators soon distinguished spaces of different lengths—intercharacter and interword—so Morse code actually employed four signs.

You will note that adding this footnote, in this location, renumbers all the existing footnotes that follow

[MSWord 365 foot/endnote tool and location]

[MSWord 365 footdnote tool and location]

Headers (not the same thing as HEADINGS)

First, the headers ...

Page numbers in the footer

Footnotes