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HTML

Class Recording Posted

I had some extra time at the end of class, so I also demonstrated task 02b. I will cover a lot of information next week on how to code using CSS, so it will be important to attend the next class on CSS or watch the recording.

Web Development Helps​

HTML Intro Slides

Hard Code a Web Page​

  1. Right click on your desktop and create a folder.
  2. Name the folder task02a.
  3. Open up your text editor. It is helpful to use a text editor that has a project sidebar to follow along in class. VS Code and similar IDE type editors will show project files in a sidebar. If you are using a non-sidebar editor, you will need to create files and save them in the finder (Mac) or explorer (PC). I will demo both in class.
  4. Open the folder:
    • Drag the folder onto your text-editor side bar,
    • or choose to open the folder using the menu or icons.
    • Any changes you make in the sidebar will affect the file on your desktop and vice-versa.
  5. Right click in the sidebar and create a new file. Name it index.html. Do not get creative with this. Every website root directory must have an index.html file with a lower case "i".

Confirm in Browser​

You will need to open up a browser to view your progress as you go along.

From within your editor sidebar, you can open the folder on your desktop. (This can be helpful if you have your folder in a subfolder.) To do this, right click on your index.html file name and choose reveal in finder. You can double click the file and it will open in your default browser. If you do not wish to open the file with the default browser, drag the index.html file onto the desired browser window.

At this point in the class you should be able to follow along with the class demo.

  1. We will start coding in the notes.txt file to see how the text behaves there.
  2. Then we will code some in the index.html file to see if the text behaves any differently.

This will introduce the concept of an IDE: an integrated development environment. You will see that your text editor is more "helpful" with html suggestions if you are working with an html file.

Saving​

Remember that you must save the file in your editor before you can preview your code in a browser. Look for the little dot next to the file name in the top tab.

Caching​

Beware of “caching.” Web browsers will sometimes, but not always, save a copy of your webpage that is essentially invisible to you. The reason for this is to save resources everywhere; time, server hardware, client hardware. Electricity is needed to drive the web. caching makes sites faster and more affordable for everyone. But it can really be a big headache when you are creating websites.

Solution: Proof your site in incognito or private mode.

Viewing Code​

Right-click on web page and choose view source to see your code. Be careful not to right-click on an image. If you do, you will see the image property data, and not the code.

Put all of your files in one "Root" folder.

Images, PDFs pages all must be in the root folder. Copy all of you images into the root folder. Avoid linking to images on the web not in your folder. That is called “hotlinking” and makes your page dependent on that server. If you don't have permission to "hotlink" then you are effectively stealing bandwidth. It is okay to link to an image that directs you to that page.

SFTP to Opal​

caution

The text editors that we are using do not allow for file uploading. You will need to use your sftp program. Remember that you need to put your folder in the public_html folder for it to be visible via a web browser.

To log into opal with your SFTP program enter opal.ils.unc.edu for the server and your username is your onyen. Your password is your onyen password. After you upload your folder to the public_html directory in opal, you will need to direct your browser to https://opal.ils.unc.edu/~youronyen to confirm it has uploaded correctly uploaded.

Task 02a Hard Code a HTML Page​

This task has three components

1. Create Single HTML page​

Create an initial hard-coded homepage we will use in class to practice other skills. Use a basic text editor and type in the text on the tags page of the HTML session class notes.

2. SFTP​

SFTP the entire "task02a" folder into a directory on opal day before the CSS session, Task 02.01 is required just to compel you to get the concept of hard coding.

3. Standard: Must Validate​

Your hard coded page must validate using the W3C Markup Validation Service. There must be no errors in your code.

I should be able to find your site at your Opal Account. Use the suggest folder name of task02a or something similar so that I don't have to dig to find your hard coded page. Make sure you have no spaces in your directory name and that you follow proper file naming conventions.