Evelyn Daniel
Rev. 6/24/2003.

 

INLS 214: USER EDUCATION

BLOOM'S TAXONOMY

Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives is often referred to in various teaching/learning contexts. The six levels indicate increasing levels of complexity with the top three (analysis, synthesis, evaluation) often referred to as "higher order learning." The first steps in learning about a topic concentrate on the lowest three levels in this taxonomy -- knowledge, comprehension, and application and form the basic groundwork on which higher order skills can be developed.

The table below provides the name of each level, an explanation, and some of the verbs often used in writing an objective aimed at learning at this level. The levels below are presented in reverse order from the highest to the lowest.

Name of Level Explanation of LevelVerbs Used in Objectives
EVALUATION
(Conceptual Reasoning)
Students critique, judge, predict, and justify based on specific, carefully spelled-out standards and criteria. Evaluation is not based on personal opinion.
Appraise
Assess
Compare
Consider
Critique
Defend
Evaluate
If...then...
Judge
Justify
Predict
Rank
Summarize
Support
Weigh
SYNTHESIS
(Conceptual Reasoning)
Students combine, order/organize, transfer, and integrate prior knowledge and current learning to form a new whole enabling them to formulate a new hypothesis, solve a problem and/or produce a result.
Change
Combine
Compose
Create
Design
Develop
Formulate
Hypothesize
Incorporate
Invent
Integrate
Order
Originate
Organize
Plan
Predict
Produce
Revise
Structure
ANALYSIS
(Conceptual Reasoning)
Complicated, complex material can be separated into parts and analyzed to determine relationships and organization of those parts as they relate to each other, to the whole, to other concepts, problems, or material.
Analyze
Categorize
Classify
Compare/Contrast
Determine
Deduce
Differentiate
Distinguish
Examine
Generalize
Group
Infer
Organize
Predict
Select
Sequence
Solve
Survey
APPLICATIONStudents solve real-life problems and situations using relevant information, prior knowledge, steps or processes, working rules, and/or principles.
Adapt
Apply
Build
Classify
Construct
Demonstrate
Develop
Discover
Dramatize
Draw
Graph
Modify
Operate
Plan
Prepare
Produce
Show
Sketch
Solve
Structure
Survey
Use
COMPREHENSION/
UNDERSTANDING
Using their own words, students will explain, interpret, and/or paraphrase new information based on prior learning.

Inferences and generalizations are made from data, related to new information, and examples of uses(s) can be given.

This level has two parts: Translation and Interpretation.

Change
Compare
Convert
Defend
Define
Describe
Distinguish
Explain
Illustrate
Infer
Interpret
Match
Paraphrase
Predict
Restate
Rewrite
Say
State
Summarize
KNOWLEDGEStudents recall information, content of a principle, working rules, and/or steps of a process in the approximate form it was learned.

(A knowledge base is necessary and supportive of more complex mental processing to take place)

Collect
Draw
Identify
Label
List
Locate
Name
Recall
Recite
Recognize
Select
Show
State
Tell
Write