History of Management Study
(Montana and Charnov, Ch. 2)

• Theories
  • Classical
  • Behavioral
  • Management Science
  • Theories X, Y, (McGregor) and Z (Ouchi)
  • Contingency

• Classical -- job focus; scientific method
  • Individual focus
    • Frederick W. Taylor - task decomposition, piece rate
    • Frank and Lillian Gilbert - motion studies
    • Harvey Gantt - scheduling and rewarding employees
    • Mary Parker Follett - conflict resolution
  • Organization focus
    • Henri Fayol - administrative theory
      planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling

• Behavioral: worker focus
  • Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne experiments - work is related to psychological and social variables as well as physical

• Management Science: Scientific method and mathematical models
  • Herbert Simon - information processing and executive decision-making; satisficing

• Theories X, Y, (McGregor) and Z (Ouchi)
  • X: people are lazy, irresponsible, require close supervision
  • Y: people are responsible, enjoy work, work well if rewarded
  • Z: group consensus and decision-making