Content-Based Multimedia Information Handling: Should we Stick to Metadata? - discusses retrieval and navigation as ways of accessing multimedia information and the use of content as an aid to these activities, asking whether content-based techniques are really making a useful contribution or whether we should restrict ourselves to the use of metadata, Paul Lewis, David Dupplaw and Kirk Martinez, Cultivate Interactive, February 2002
Informedia Digital Video Library - Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) - exploring new new approaches for automated video and audio indexing, navigation, visualization, search and retrieval and embedded them in a system for use in education, information and entertainment environments