TY  - BOOK
ID  - 103
T1  - Guidelines for Managing E-mail
Y1  - 2000
KW  - Email Management and Use
PB  - ARMA International
CY  - Prarie Village, KA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 1
A1  - Abrams,D.
A1  - Baecker,R.
A1  - Chignelli,M.
T1  - Information archiving with bookmarks: Personal web space construction and organization
Y1  - 1998
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - Information archiving with bookmarks: Personal web space construction and organization; Boolma& are used as “personal Web information spaces” to help people remember and retrieve interesting Web pages. A study of personal Web tiormation spaces sm-veyed 322 Web users and analyzed the bookmark archives of 50 Web users. The results of this study are used to address why people make bookmarks, and how they create, use, and organize them. Recommendations for improving the organimtion, vimahxation, representation, and integration of bookmarks are provided The recommendations include simple mechauisms for tiling bookmarks at creation time, the use of time-based. xxsmhidons with automated filters, the use of contextual inSormation in representing bookmarks, and the combhration of hierarchy formation and Web page authoring to aid in organizing and viewing bookmarks.; ID: 24
T2  - CHI 98 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Generic
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2
A1  - Abrhamson,E.
T1  - Disorganization theory and disorganizational behavior: Towards an etiology of messes
Y1  - 2002
VL  - 24
SP  - 139
EP  - 180
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 25
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Research in Organizational Behavior
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 3
A1  - Adar,E.
A1  - Kargar,D.
A1  - Stein,L. A.
T1  - Haystack: Per-user information environments
Y1  - 1999
SP  - 413
EP  - 422
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems are designed to provide uniform access to centralized corpora by large numbers of people. The Haystack project emphasizes the relationship between a particular individual and his corpus. An individual's own haystack priviliges information with which that user interacts, gathers data about those interactions, and uses this metadata to further personalize the retrieval process. This paper describes the prototype Haystack system.
N1  - Haystack: Per-user information environments; The Haystack project is a system for organizing and retrieving an individual’s documents by adapting the retrieval process according to individual preferences. Information about the documents and the users searches is stored and related to other documents. It remembers past queries and makes connections between documents with similar content. The system is based on the concept that individuals organize and retrieve their information based individual principles, such as size, topic and frequency of use, rather than traditional library organizational schemes.; ID: 26
T2  - Eigth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Kansas City, MO
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 84
A1  - Associated Press
T1  - FOI  Staff Anticipates E-mail Records Queries
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 4 October 1999
KW  - Electronic Records Management
PB  - Associated Press State and Local Wire
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe, Associated Press State and Local Wire, State and Regional Section.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 4
A1  - Balter,O.
T1  - A keystroke level analysis of email message organization
Y1  - 2000
SP  - 105
EP  - 122
KW  - Email Management and Use
N1  - A keystroke level analysis of email message organization; Organization of email messages takes an increasing amount of time for many email users. Research has demonstrated that users develop very different strategies to handle this organization. In this paper, the relationship between the different organization strategies and the time necessary to use a certain strategy is illustrated by a mathematical model based on keystroke-level analysis. The model estimates time usage for archiving and retrieving email messages for individual users. Besides explaining why users develop different strategies to organize email messages, the model can also be used to advise users individually when to start using folders, clean messages, learn the search functionality, and using filters to store messages. Similar models could assist evaluation of different interface designs where the number of items increase with time.; ID: 27
T2  - CHI 2000
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 104
A1  - Balter,O.
T1  - Strategies for Organizing E-mail
Y1  - 1997
KW  - Email Management and Use
PB  - INSPEC
CY  - Bristol, UK
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - INSPEC. Abstract number B9804-6210G-007, C9804-7104-012.
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 5
A1  - Balter,O.
A1  - Sidner,C. L.
T1  - Bitfrost inbox organizer: Giving users control over the inbox
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 111
EP  - 118
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - Bitfrost inbox organizer: Giving users control over the inbox.; Many email users, especially managers, receive too many email messages to read in the time available to them. The solutions available today often require programming skills on the part of the user to define rules for prioritizing messages or moving messages to folders. We propose a different approach: categorize messages in the inbox with predefined rules that do not require maintenance and are scalable to handle anything from 50 to thousands of messages.; ID: 28
T2  - Second Nordic Conference on Human Computer Interaction
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 6
A1  - Bannon,L.
A1  - Cypher,A.
A1  - Greenspan,S.
A1  - Monty,M. L.
T1  - Evaluation and analysis of users' activity organization
Y1  - 1983
SP  - 54
EP  - 57
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Our analyses of the activities performed by users of computer systems show complex patterns of interleaved activities. Current human - computer interfaces provide little support for the kinds of problems users encounter when attempting to accomplish several different tasks in a single session. In this paper we develop a framework for discussing the characteristics of activities, in terms of activity structures, and provide a number of conceptual guidelines for developing an interface which supports activity coordination. The concept of a workspace is introduced as a unifying construct for reducing the mental workload when switching tasks, and for supporting contextually-driven interpretations of the users' activity structures.
N1  - ID: 2
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts, United States
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 0-89791-121-0
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 85
A1  - Bantin,P.
T1  - Strategies  for Managing Electronic Records: Lessons Learned from the Indiana University  Electronic Records Project
Y1  - 2000
Y2  - 5-6 October 2000
KW  - Electronic Records Management
T2  - ECURE  2000 Conference: “Preservation and Access for Electronic College and University  Records,"
VL  - Phoenix, Az
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 86
A1  - Bantin,P.
T1  - Developing a Strategy for Managing Electronic Records: The Findings of the Indiana University Electronic Records Pro
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - Fall 1998
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 328
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - From June 1995 through December 1997, staff from the Indiana University Archives and University Information Technology Services completed an electronic records project partially funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, designed to implement and test the 'Functional Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping' model developed at Pittsburgh University. Reviews the project findings in the context of several questions project personnel addressed during the project, including: does the Pitt model ask the right questions; what set of activities are required to use and implement the model: what are the costs associated with implementing the model; and what types of skills are required to apply the methodology?
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - American Archivist
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 87
A1  - Bantin,P.
T1  - Strategies for Managing Electronic Records: A New Archival Paradigm? An Affirmation of Our Archival Traditions?”
Y1  - 1998
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - The emergence of electronic records has initiated a spirited debate on archival methodology and practice. In this article, the author summarizes the concepts and strategies proposed by archivists, on the one hand, who advocate employing traditional archival methodologies to manage electronic records, and those, on the other hand, who recommend reengineering the management process and implementing new techniques and strategies. These concepts and strategies are reviewed in the context of three archival functions: custody, appraisal, and description. In the conclusion, the author offers some suggestions on how one might begin the quest to become an informed player in electronic records management.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Archival Issues
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 88
A1  - Bantin,P.
A1  - Bernbom,G.
T1  - Indiana  University Electronic Records Project 1995-1997
KW  - Electronic Records Management
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 144
A1  - Barreau,D. K.
T1  - Context as a factor in personal information management systems
Y1  - 1995
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
SP  - 327
EP  - 339
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - ID: 23
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Generic
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 134
A1  - Barreau,D. K.
A1  - Nardi, B. A. 
T1  - Finding and Reminding: File Organization from the Desktop
Y1  - 1995
Y2  - July
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
SP  - 39
EP  - 43
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This paper summarizes and synthesizes two independent studies of the ways users organize and find files on their computers. The first study (Barreau 1995) investigated information organization practices among users of DOS, Windows and OS/2. The second study (Nardi, Anderson and Erickson 1995), examined the finding and filing practices of Macintosh users. There were more similarities in the two studies than differences. Users in both studies (1) preferred location-based finding because of its crucial reminding function; (2) avoided elaborate filing schemes; (3) archived relatively little information; and (4) worked with three types of information: ephemeral, working and archived. A main difference between the study populations was that the Macintosh users used subdirectories to organize information and the DOS users did not.
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - ACM Digital Library
JF  - SIGCHI Bulletin
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - PCOMM
ID  - 173
A1  - Barry,R.
T1  - E-mail Legal Status
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - March 31
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - Message posted to Australian Archivists listserv, (aus-archivists
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Personal Communication
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105
A1  - Bearman,D.
T1  - Managing Electronic Mail
Y1  - 1994
Y2  - May 1994
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 28
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Explores the issues associated with the management of electronic mail which combine the requirements for correspondence control and filing present in paper based communications systems with the functional requirements for managing any electronic record keeping system. Applies a generic framework for managing electronic records to define an approach to accountable corporate management of electronic mail. Concludes that the resultant system provides advantages over traditional paper based systems in the archives and records management arena as well as for users
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Archives and Manuscripts-The Journal of the Australian Society of Archivists
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 106
A1  - Becker,K.
A1  - Ferreira,S. N.
T1  - Virtual Folders: Database Support for Electronic Messages Classification
Y1  - 1996
Y2  - December 1996
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - 
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 7
A1  - Bellotti,V.
A1  - Ducheneaut,N.
A1  - Howard,M.
A1  - Neuwirth,C.
A1  - Smith,I.
A1  - Smith,T.
T1  - Flannel: Adding computation to electronic mail during transmission
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - Flannel: Adding computation to electronic mail during transmission.; In this paper, we describe FLANNEL, an architecture for adding computational capabilities to email. FLANNEL allows email to be modified by an application while in transit between sender and receiver. This modification is done without modification to the endpoints---mail clients---at either end. This paper also describes interaction techniques that we have developed to allow senders of email to quickly and easily select computations to be performed by FLANNEL. Through, our experience, we explain the properties that applications must have in order to be successful in the context of FLANNEL.; ID: 30
T2  - Fifteenth Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 8
A1  - Bellotti,V.
A1  - Ducheneaut,N.
A1  - Howard,M.
A1  - Smith,I.
T1  - Taking email to task: The design and evaluation of task management centered email tool
Y1  - 2003
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Email has come to play a central role in task management, yet email tool features have remained relatively static in recent years, lagging behind users? evolving practices. The Taskmaster system narrows this gap by recasting email as task management and embedding task-centric resources directly in the client. In this paper, we describe the field research that inspired Taskmaster and the principles behind its design. We then describe how user studies conducted with?live? email data over a two-week period revealed the value of a task-centric approach to email system design and its potential benefits for overloaded users.
N1  - Taking email to task: The design and evaluation of task management centered email tool; With the goal of overhauling email’s user interface to reflect the various task-related activities users are trying to accomplish through their email clients, the author’s built and tested a prototype email client called Taskmaster. Taskmaster is designed around the concept of “thrasks” – threads of messages, files, links and documents, which make up a single task. Incoming and outgoing messages are organized together by thrask. The system also incorporated meta-information features that allowed the user to add deadlines, reminders, actions, and color codes. Despite some technical difficulties, those who tested the system gave it an approval rating of 4.11 (out of 1: hate it, to 5: love it).; ID: 31
T2  - SIG-CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing System
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 9
A1  - Bellotti,V.
A1  - Ducheneaut,N.
A1  - Howard,M.
A1  - Smith,I.
A1  - Neuwirth,C.
T1  - Innovation in extremis: evolving an application for the critical work of email and information management
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 181
EP  - 192
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - We describe our experience of trying to develop a novel application that transforms information management (both coordination-based and personal) from stand-alone resources into resources deeply embedded in email. We explored two models for accomplishing this goal; these were to embed these resources in the email channel and to embed them in the client. Our exploration of the first model was intensive, in-depth and ultimately unsuccessful in large part due to our design process. We adopted Extreme Programming (XP) as a means to explore our second model more efficiently. This paper describes our motivations and experiences while exploring our first model before XP and then the advantages and disadvantages of turning to XP in the exploration of our second model.
N1  - ID: 16
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - London, England
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-515-7
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 10
A1  - Bellotti,V.
A1  - Smith,I.
T1  - Informing the design of an information management system with interative fieldwork
Y1  - 2000
SP  - 227
EP  - 237
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - We report on the design process of a personal information management system, Raton Laveur, and how it was influenced by an intimate relationship between iterative fieldwork and design thinking. Initially, the system was conceived as a paper-based UI to calendar, contacts, to-dos and notes. As the fieldwork progressed, our understanding of peoples practices and the constraints of their office infrastructures radically shifted our design goals away from paper-based interaction to embedded interaction with our system. By this we mean embedding information management functionality in an existing application such as email.
N1  - Informing the design of an information management system with interative fieldwork; The authors used field interviews to shape the design of a personal information management system called “Raton Leveur”. This system involves using an email style browser window to view documents. All documents, including notes and emails, can be viewed and searched from the same window, reducing the need to maneuver between multiple applications. The interviews revealed that email might be the most frequently used and accessed application for most people. Interviewees spent 10% of their time managing their information, and many felt that they should be more organized than they were. Of those who used paper notes, very few said that they filed these notes with their other documents.; ID: 29
T2  - Conference on Designing Interactive Systems: Processes, Practices, Methods and Techniques
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 11
A1  - Bergman,O.
A1  - Beyth-Marom,R.
A1  - Nachmias,R.
T1  - The user subjective approach to personal information management systems
Y1  - 2003
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
SP  - 872
EP  - 878
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - In this article we suggest a user-subjective approach to Personal Information Management (PIM) system design. This approach advocates that PIM systems relate to the subjective value-added attributes that the user gives to the data stored in the PIM system. These attributes should facilitate system use: help the user find the information item again, recall it when needed, and use it effectively in the next interaction with the item. Driven from the user-subjective approach are three generic principles which are described and discussed: (a) The subjective classification principle, stating that all information items related to the same subjective topic should be classified together regardless of their technological format; (b) The subjective importance principle, proposing that the subjective importance of information should determine its degree of visual salience and accessibility; and (c) The subjective context principle, suggesting that information should be retrieved and viewed by the user in the same context in which it was previously used. We claim that these principles are only sporadically implemented in operating systems currently available on personal computers, and demonstrate alternatives for interface design.
N1  - Suggests 3 principles for storing data in a PIM system. 1) Subjective classification principle, all information related to the same subjective topic should be classified together regardless of format. 2) Subjective importance principle: importance of information should determine its degree of visual salience and accessibility. And 3) Subjective context principle: information should be retrieved and viewed by the user in the same context in which it was previously used.; ID: 32
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
JA  - J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 12
A1  - Bernard,K.
A1  - Eric,W.
T1  - Designing remail: reinventing the email client through innovation and integration
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 837
EP  - 852
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - The Remail design team defined a specification for an innovative and integrated email client. This design-lead effort tackled three key problems that email researchers have discovered: lack of context, co-opting of email, and keeping track of too many things. Based on earlier design and research explorations, we conceived of a client from the ground up that attacked these problems in an integrated fashion. Our solutions were based on three constructs: showing message context, marking email, and selective display. A small team of programmers implemented much of the design in a functional prototype. This experimental client continues to allow researchers to expand and explore these concepts.
N1  - ID: 20
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Vienna, Austria
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-703-6
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 76
A1  - Bikson, T. K. 
A1  - Frinking,E. J.
T1  - Preserving the Present 
Y1  - 1993
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
PB  - SDU
CY  - The Hague
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107
A1  - Bikson, T. K. 
A1  - Law,S. A.
T1  - Electronic Mail Use at 
Y1  - 1993
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 89
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Reports on a user-based study of electronic mail at The World Bank headquarters in Washington, DC. The research aimed to understand the technical and organizational issues associated with the implementation and use of new information technologies in an international organization. Electronic mail has become widely used and popular at the World Bank but a number of technical and organizational constraints inhibit the potential of electronic mail to serve as a generic infrastructure to support the diverse needs of knowledge workers.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - The Information Society
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 13
A1  - Boardman,R.
T1  - Multiple hierarchies in user workspace
Y1  - 2001
SP  - 403
EP  - 404
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Desktop workspaces contain many user-defined hierarchies such as the file system, email folders and web bookmark folders. Previous studies have shown that users encounter many overheads in the management and navigation of individual hierarchies. In contrast, this paper presents an exploratory study of how users work with the multiple hierarchies of their workspace.The organisations of three hierarchies (file system, email folders and web bookmark folders) were compared for ten users. The study found that overheads are compounded when working with multiple hierarchies. Improved support is required for managing multiple hierarchies in user workspace. The sharing of organisational information between hierarchies is proposed as one possible approach.
N1  - Multiple hierarchies in user workspace; Author looked at 3 groups: users who developed no hierarchies, users who developed one hierarchy only, and users who developed multiple hierarchies. Maintaining multiple hierarchies takes the most time and effort – proposes a systems which instead of maintaining multiple hierarchies in parallel, would automatically reflect changes made in one hierarchy in the other hierarchies.; ID: 34
A2  - Tremaine,M. M.
T2  - CHI 2001: Extended Abstracts on Human FActors in Computer Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 14
A1  - Boardman,R.
A1  - Sasse,M. A.
T1  - Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out: A cross-tool study of personal information management
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 583
EP  - 590
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This paper reports a study of Personal Information Management (PIM), which advances research in two ways: (1) rather than focusing on one tool, we collected cross-tool data relating to file, email and web bookmark usage for each participant, and (2) we collected longitudinal data for a subset of the participants. We found that individuals employ a rich variety of strategies both within and across PIM tools, and we present new strategy classifications that reflect this behaviour. We discuss synergies and differences between tools that may be useful in guiding the design of tool integration. Our longitudinal data provides insight into how PIM behaviour evolves over time, and suggests how the supporting nature of PIM discourages reflection by users on their strategies. We discuss how the promotion of some reflection by tools and organizations may benefit users.
N1  - Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out: A cross-tool study of personal information management; ID: 36
T2  - 2004 Conferenc eon Human Factors in Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 15
A1  - Boardman,R.
A1  - Spence,R.
A1  - Sasse,M. A.
T1  - Life beyond the mailbox: A cross-tool perspective on personal information management
Y1  - 2002
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Email interfaces provide poor support for the personal information management (PIM) activities that users have adopted them for. This paper reports a user study that highlights how two aspects of PIM, information management and task management, cut across a range of tools, including email. We argue that effective support for such cross-tool activities cannot be provided through a focus on one interface - such as email - alone. Instead, a cross-tool approach is needed in PIM-related research and design. We present a prototype aimed at improving crosstool support for information management, and report the results from an initial evaluation.
N1  - Life beyond the mailbox: A cross-tool perspective on personal information management; ID: 35
T2  - Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) 2002 Workshop: Redesigning Email for the 21st Century
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 16
A1  - Bowker,G. C.
A1  - Star,S. L.
T1  - Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 37
PB  - MIT PRess
CY  - Cambridge
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108
A1  - Bridges, A. E. 
A1  - Clement, R. T. 
T1  - Crossing the Threshold of Rocket Mail: E-mail Use by U.S. Humanities Faculty
Y1  - 1997
Y2  - March 1997
VL  - 23
SP  - 109
EP  - 117
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Of the nearly 500 humanities faculty at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA, and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, surveyed 82 per cent of the respondents use electronic mail, a much higher rate than previously reported in the literature. Librarians should actively promote faculty electronic mail use for library and scholarly communication.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Academic Librarianship
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 17
A1  - Carroll,J.
T1  - Creating names for personal files in an interactive computing environment
Y1  - 1982
VL  - 16
SP  - 405
EP  - 438
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 38
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 19
A1  - Case,D. O.
T1  - Conceptual organization and retrieval of text by historians: The role of memory and metaphor
Y1  - 1991
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
SP  - 657
EP  - 668
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - As electronic text files increase in number and diversity, the problem of devising a more effective information retrieval interface grows more important. Future de signs may draw upon cognitive theories of categoriza tion and metaphor to understand how users interact with text--both paper and electronic. Relevant literature in cognitive psychology and information science sug gests the importance of the user's physical environment in thinking about abstract entities, such as categories of documents. Empirical studies have established a ba sis for understanding how we think about, file, remem ber, and locate text. Results from a study of 20 historians--an exemplary group in terms of their close studies of texts and the broad scope of their inquiries-- imply the importance of metaphors for storage and re trieval of documents. The study found that metaphors and subjective categories were frequently applied to documents collected and created by these scholars. Two physical factors--spatial configuration and docu ment form--were often considered before topic in deter mining document storage locations in the office. Developers of information systems should consider qualitative aspects of cognition in their designs. System developers might also consider segmenting the audi ence for computer interfaces, as well as designing generic tools that apply to all users.
N1  - ID: 40
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
JA  - J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 18
A1  - Case,D. O.
T1  - The use of anthropological methods in studying information management by american historians
Y1  - 1988
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - The use of anthropological methods in studying information management by american historians; ID: 39
A2  - Borgman, C. L. 
A2  - Pai,E. Y. H.
T2  - Information Technology: Planning for the next Fifty Years. Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science
PB  - Learned Information Inc
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 77
A1  - Cheng,G.
T1  - The Shifting Information Landscape: Re-inventing the Wheel or a Whole New Frontier for Librarians.
Y1  - 2000
Y2  - February 2000
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
AB  - The explosive growth and overwhelming use of World Wide web resources have led to the often misguided, but understandable belief that one can find any information on the web. In business, direct marketing on the web has produced big success stories in sales and marketing which have led to the conclusion that the long-foreshadowed process of `dis-intermediation' has begun. 
THE INFORMATION LANDSCAPE IS SHIFTING AND IS CHANGING FAST. Publishers and vendors are positioning themselves for electronic journals, document delivery and outright information support through the compilation of knowledge bases. Do users need intermediaries such as libraries [especially small special (medical) libraries] anyway? As librarians, how should we position ourselves for this change? In the new reformation eco-system, there is arguably too much data and too much reformation. Value can be added in the data-information-knowledge chain by filtering and critically appraising the reformation. I draw an analogy from knowledge management literature which highlights the importance of adding value in the process of the transformation from data to information, and from reformation to knowledge.
N1  - A plenary paper given at STRAIT to the future, 8th Asia-Pacific Specials, Health and Law Librarians Conference, Hobart, 22-26 August 1999
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - InfoTrac Onefile
JF  - Australian Library Journal
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 109
A1  - Chu,H.
T1  - E-mail in Scientific Communication
Y1  - 1994
Y2  - 1994
SP  - 77
KW  - Email Management and Use
T2  - Proceedings of the 15th National Online Meeting
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 172
A1  - Cody,J.
T1  - Policies and Procedures for Managing E-Data
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - August 19
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe
JF  - Texas Lawyer
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 20
A1  - Cole,I.
T1  - Human aspects of office filing: Implications for the electronic office
Y1  - 1982
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - Human aspects of office filing: Implications for the electronic office; ID: 41
A2  - Edwards,R. E.
T2  - Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 26th Annual Meeting
PB  - Human Factors Society
CY  - Santa Monica
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 110
A1  - Collin,S.
T1  - Integrating E-Mail
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Email Management and Use
PB  - Digital Press
CY  - Boston
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 78
A1  - Cook,T.
T1  - The Archival Appraisal of Records Containing Personal Information: A RAMP Study with Guidelines
Y1  - 1991
Y2  - April 1, 1991
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 89
A1  - Cox,R.
A1  - Williams,James
A1  - Sochats, K. W. 
T1  - Functional  Requirements for Evidence in Recordkeeping
KW  - Electronic Records Management
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 21
A1  - Crawford,E.
A1  - Kay,J.
A1  - McCreath,E.
T1  - An intelligent interface for sorting electronic mail
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 182
EP  - 183
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Classification of email is an important everyday task for a large and growing number of users. This paper describes the i-ems (Intelligent-Electronic Mail Sorter) mail interface, which offers a view of the inbox based on predicted classifications of messages. The interface is designed to ensure user control over the prediction processes by supporting scrutiny of the system's certainty and details of the mechanisms used.
N1  - ID: 23
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - San Francisco, California, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-459-2
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 22
A1  - Dabbish,L.
A1  - Kraut,R. E.
A1  - Fussell,S.
A1  - Kiesler,S.
T1  - Understanding email use: predicting action on a message
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 691
EP  - 700
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Email consumes significant time and attention in the workplace. We conducted an organizational survey to understand how and why people attend to incoming email messages. We examined people's ratings of message importance and the actions they took on specific email messages, based on message characteristics and characteristics of receivers and senders. Respondents kept half of their new messages in the inbox and replied to about a third of them. They rated messages as important if they were about work and required action. Importance, in turn, had a modest impact on whether people replied to their incoming messages and whether they saved them. The results indicate that factors other than message importance (e.g., their social nature) also determine how people handle email. Overall, email usage reflects attentional differences due both to personal propensities and to work demands and relationships.
N1  - Understanding email use: predicting action on a message; ID: 85
T2  - Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Portland, Oregon
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 23
A1  - Dabbish,L.
A1  - Venolia,G.
A1  - Cadiz,J. J.
T1  - Marked for deletion: an analysis of email data
Y1  - 2003
SP  - 924
EP  - 925
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - What characteristics of an email message make it more likely to be discarded? Statistical analyses of a set of deleted and non-deleted messages revealed several factors that were important in predicting the fate of a message. After controlling for the owner of the particular message, four factors turned out to be most important: history of communication with the sender (messages sent to and messages received from), intra-organizational vs. external sender, and size of the recipient group.
N1  - ID: 21
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-637-4
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 24
A1  - Davenport,T.
T1  - Think tank making the most of an information-rich environment
Y1  - 1998
VL  - October 1
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 42
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - CIO Magazine
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 145
A1  - Davis,B. W.
T1  - Legal risks may be minimized by forming clear email policy
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 1
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Crain's Cleveland Business [online serial]
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 25
A1  - Davis,M.
A1  - King,S.
A1  - Good,N.
A1  - Sarvas,R.
T1  - From context to content: leveraging context to infer media metadata
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 188
EP  - 195
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
AB  - The recent popularity of mobile camera phones allows for new opportunities to gather important metadata at the point of capture. This paper describes a method for generating metadata for photos using spatial, temporal, and social context. We describe a system we implemented for inferring location information for pictures taken with camera phones and its performance evaluation. We propose that leveraging contextual metadata at the point of capture can address the problems of the semantic and sensory gaps. In particular, combining and sharing spatial, temporal, and social contextual metadata from a given user and across users allows us to make inferences about media content.
N1  - ID: 7
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-893-8
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 26
A1  - Dourish,P.
A1  - Edwards,W. K.
A1  - LaMarka,A.
A1  - Salisbury,M.
T1  - Presto: An experimental architecture for fluid interactive document spaces
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 133
EP  - 161
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Traditional document systems use hierarchical filing structures as the basis for organizing, storing and retrieving documents. However, this structure is very limited in comparison with the rich and varied forms of document interaction and category management in everyday document use. Presto is a prototype document management system providing rich interaction with documents through meaningful, user-level document attributes, such as “Word file,” “published paper,” “shared with Jim,” “about Presto,” or “currently in progress” Document attributes capture the multiple different roles that a single document might play, and they allow users to rapidly reorganize their document space for the task at hand. They also provide a basis for novel document systems design and new approaches to document management and interaction. In this article, we outline the motivations behind this approach, describe the principal components of our implementation, discuss architectural consequences, and show how these support new forms of interactions with large personal document spaces.
N1  - ID: 44
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Transactions Computer Human Interaction
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 27
A1  - Dourish,P.
A1  - Lamping,J.
A1  - Rodden,T.
T1  - Building bridges: Customization and mutual intelligibility in shared category management
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - Building bridges: Customization and mutual intelligibility in shared category management; ID: 43
T2  - Group 99
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Phoenix, AZ
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 28
A1  - Dragunov,A. N.
A1  - Dietterich,T. G.
A1  - Johnsrude,K.
A1  - McLaughlin,M.
A1  - Li,L.
A1  - Herlocker,J. L.
T1  - TaskTracer: a desktop environment to support multi-tasking knowledge workers
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 75
EP  - 82
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - This paper reports on TaskTracer --- a software system being designed to help highly multitasking knowledge workers rapidly locate, discover, and reuse past processes they used to successfully complete tasks. The system monitors users' interaction with a computer, collects detailed records of users' activities and resources accessed, associates (automatically or with users' assistance) each interaction event with a particular task, enables users to access records of past activities and quickly restore task contexts. We present a novel Publisher-Subscriber architecture for collecting and processing users' activity data, describe several different user interfaces tried with TaskTracer, and discuss the possibility of applying machine learning techniques to recognize/predict users' tasks.; ID: 1
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - San Diego, California, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-894-6
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 111
A1  - D'Souza, P. V. 
T1  - Electronic Mail in Academic Settings: A Multipurpose Communications Tool
Y1  - 1992
Y2  - March 1992
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 22
KW  - Email Management and Use
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Educational Technology
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 29
A1  - Ducheneaut,N.
A1  - Bellotti,V.
T1  - Email as habitat: An exploration of embedded personal information management
Y1  - 2001
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
SP  - 30
EP  - 38
KW  - Email Management and Use
N1  - Email is being used for purposes it wasn’t intended for, which provides inadequate support for certain tasks. Authors conducted surveys and 28 interviews with employees in 3 different companies. Users were experienced in email usages, but relatively new users of their current applications. Found redundant folders and folders no longer in use. Users may prefer another way to order folders besides alphabetically and to have a cache of recently accessed items available. A way to track document revisions/version control within email client would also be useful. “In more than half the cases, an e-mail client is not chosen individually or rationally, despite the wide variety of clients available.” 76% of respondents say they used email to document activity.; ID: 45
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - interactions
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 30
A1  - Dumais,S. T.
A1  - Cutrell,E.
A1  - Cadiz,J. J.
A1  - Jancke,G.
T1  - Stuff I've seen: A system for personal information retrieval and re-use
Y1  - 2003
SP  - 72
EP  - 79
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Authors created a system called “Stuff I’ve Seen” (SIS), which provides a unified index of information that a person has seen on their computer regardless of format – web pages, email, files, etc. It allows the user to search using a variety of filters and provides contextual clues in the results such as time, author, thumbnails, and previews. The system was used by 234 people for a six week period, who claimed that it was easier to find things after using SIS. 25% of the queries involved using a person’s name as the access point, suggesting that people are an important memory cue for retrieval of personal information. Users most frequently sorted their search results by Date and then by Rank. The system was most often used to find email.
N1  - Stuff I've seen: A system for personal information retrieval and re-use; ID: 46
T2  - Proceedings of the 26th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 90
A1  - Duranti,L.
T1  - Concepts and Principles for the Management of Electronic Records, or Records Management Theory is Archival Diplomatics
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 9
SP  - 153
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - Contribution to an international issue of this journal on research in records management, a revised version of a talk given to the annual conference of the Association of Catalan Archivists in Vic, Sapin, May 1999. Suggests the greatest challenges presented by digital systems are the creation and maintenance of reliable records and the preservation of their authenticity over time. Argues that the international community of records professionals must develop appropriate strategies, procedures and standards. To this end explores the concepts and principles derived from archival diplomatics as a guide to the management of electronic records, and draws conclusions about the nature of the research work required.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Records Management Journal
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 79
A1  - Duranti,L.
A1  - Eastwood,T.
A1  - McNeil,H.
T1  - The Preservation of the Integrity of Electronic Records
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
PB  - School of Library, Archival and Information Studies, University of British Columbia
CY  - Vancouver, BC
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 112
A1  - Enneking, N. E. 
T1  - Managing E-Mail: Working Toward an Effective Solution
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - July 1998
SP  - 24
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Focuses on the attempt to define the state-of-the-art in sound records management and archival practice as applied to e-mail messages by researchers in the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at The University of Texas. Ways by which e-mail records management principles were implemented from a technological and a policy perspective; Legal issues surrounding e-mail records management; Technological concerns; Synthesis of current state-of-the-art.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Records Management Quarterly
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 113
A1  - Fang,K.
T1  - An Analysis of Electronic Mail Usage
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - May 1998
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
SP  - 349
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Advances in information technology have set the pace for tremendous growth in the development of new computer-mediated channels of communication services and technologies. That these recent developments are fueled by technology might misleadingly suggest that the selection of a communication channel is largely based on technological criteria. Communication technologies require multiple users and cannot be used successfully by one person acting alone. Therefore, problems may arise when users fail to consider their self-efficacy and/or fail to consider social factors related to communication channel use. 
The main purpose of this study was to establish a better measure and model for use in predicting and explaining electronic-mail systems as an example of computer-mediated communication technologies (CMCT) usage and choice. The results indicated that all of the eight hypotheses showed significant correlation between criterion and predictor variates, supported by different canonical functions. The objective of the study was achieved by showing that the proposed research model can explain and predict the individual and combined effects of user self-efficacy, technological characteristics, and social-influence perspectives on CMCT usage and choice.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Computers in Human Behavior
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 31
A1  - Farhoomand,A. F.
A1  - Drury,D. H.
T1  - Managerial information overload
Y1  - 2002
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
SP  - 127
EP  - 131
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - The findings of a survey of 124 managers and professionals in Australia, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and the United States are presented in this paper. According to the survey results, respondents feel that information overload exists and is a serious problem. Internal email seems to be more of a problem than information obtained from the Web, and is more difficult to filter. Strategies used by respondents for dealing with overload range from filtering (47 percent) to ignoring (four percent). Only 14 percent of those surveyed use a technological solution to reduce their overload. Most knowledge workers lack faith that the technology alone can solve the problem. The authors suggest that more must be known about how information is used in order to develop a technological solution to overload, and that IT organizations should address the issue of identifying critical information and directing it effectively. They note that the trend toward less hierarchical organizations has exacerbated the problem. Their final suggestion is that individual workers develop an inquiry-based approach to seeking information. Their research defines the problem clearly, but only hints at what to do about it.; ID: 15
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Commun.ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 135
A1  - Fertig,S.
A1  - Freemand,E.
A1  - Gelernter,D.
T1  - Finding and Reminding Reconsidered
Y1  - 1996
Y2  - January
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - In this article, authors comment on Barreau and Nardi's anaylsis in "Finding and Reminding", point out where and why they think they have drawn the wrong conclusions. Mentions a few systems that use different nondesktop interaction metaphors that should be included in future studies of this type.
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - ACM Digital Library
JF  - SIGCHI Bulletin
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 32
A1  - Fertig,S.
A1  - Freeman,E.
A1  - Gelernter,D.
T1  - Lifestreams: An alternative to the desktop metaphor
Y1  - 1996
SP  - 410
EP  - 411
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Conventional software systems, such as those based on the “desktop metaphor,” are ill-equipped to manage the electronic information and events of the typical computer user. We introduce a new metaphor, Lifestreams, for dynamically organizing a user's personal workspace. Lifestreams uses a simple organizational metaphor, a time-ordered stream of documents, as an underlying storage system. Stream filters are used to organize, monitor and summarize information for the user. Combined, they provide a system that subsumes many separate desktop applications. This paper describes the Lifestreams model and our prototype system.
N1  - Lifestreams: An alternative to the desktop metaphor; ID: 47
T2  - Conference on Human Factors and Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 91
A1  - Fletcher,P. T.
T1  - Electronic Records Management in State Government: Planning for the Information Age
Y1  - 1990
Y2  - October 1990
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 26
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - Discusses how state governments in the United States should manage and plan their electronic records. State of basic records management; Retention schedules for papers; Access and storage of electronic records; Results of New York's Special Media Records Management.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ARMA Records Management Quarterly
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 136
A1  - Ford,N.
T1  - Information Retrieval for Evidence-based Decision Making
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - September
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
SP  - 385
EP  - 401
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - The emergence of evidence based medicine has implications for the use and development of information retrieval systems which are not restricted to the area of medicine. 'Evidence based' practice emphasizes the retrieval and application of high quality knowledge in order to solve real world problems. However, information seeking to support such evidence based approaches to decision making and problem solving makes demands on retrieval systems which they are not well suited at present to satisfy. A number of approaches have been developed in the field of medicine that seek to address these limitations. Discusses the extent to which such approaches may be applied to other areas, as well as their limitations.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Documentation
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 146
A1  - Freedom of Information Center
T1  - FOI Statues by state
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - FOI Statues by state; ID: 2
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 114
A1  - Fulk,J.
A1  - DeSanctis,G.
T1  - Electronic Communication and Changing Organizational Form
Y1  - 1995
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
SP  - 338
KW  - Email Management and Use
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Organizational Science
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 115
A1  - Garton,L.
A1  - Wellman,B.
T1  - Social Impacts of Electronic Mail in Organizations: A Review of the Research Literature
Y1  - 1995
VL  - 18
SP  - 434
KW  - Email Management and Use
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communication Yearbook
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 33
A1  - Gemmell,J.
A1  - Bell,G.
A1  - Lueder,R.
A1  - Drucker,S.
A1  - Wong,C.
T1  - MyLifeBits: Fulfilling the Memex vision
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 235
EP  - 238
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - MyLifeBits is a project to fulfill the Memex vision first posited by Vannevar Bush in 1945. It is a system for storing all of one's digital media, including documents, images, sounds, and videos. It is built on four principles: (1) collections and search must replace hierarchy for organization (2) many visualizations should be supported (3) annotations are critical to non-text media and must be made easy, and (4) authoring should be via transclusion.
N1  - MyLifeBits: Fulfilling the Memex vision; ID: 49
T2  - Tenth ACM International Conference on Multimedia
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 147
A1  - Glassberg,B. C.
A1  - Kettinger,W. J.
A1  - Logan,J. E.
T1  - Electronic communication: An ounce of policy is worth a pound of cure
Y1  - 1996
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
SP  - 74
EP  - 80
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 3
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Business horizons
JA  - Bus.Horiz.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 34
A1  - Goncalves,D.
A1  - Jorge,J. A.
T1  - Analyzing personal document spaces
Y1  - 2003
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - In recent years, Personal Document Spaces (PDSs) have become more complex, spanning several machines. In order to develop new approaches to help users manage their PDSs, it is important to know their contents and structure. We undertook an empirical study where we made a thorough analysis of eleven PDSs, from which we extracted several research and design guidelines.
N1  - Analyzing personal document spaces; ID: 48
T2  - Human-Computer Interaction International 2003
PB  - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 35
A1  - Gottlieb,L.
A1  - Dilevko,J.
T1  - Investigating how individuals conceptually and physically structure file folders for electronic bookmarks
Y1  - 2003
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
SP  - 124
EP  - 139
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Personal preferences in the development of categorical folders for bookmarks are examined in terms of both the choice and definition of folder domain and the overall structure of the folder system. Study participants from the financial industry were asked to organize the same set of finance-related bookmarks from a given list, as opposed to describing their organizational approaches using their own personal bookmarks, so that the organizational systems could be compared across the sample. The selection of folder domain is influenced by contextual factors such as intended use and relevancy to current projects. Similarly, the structure of the overall folder system was determined in part by participants' navigational preferences. While the majority of participants created folders that cover the topics of finance, government, accounting, news, law, and tax, the actual definition of these folders and the criteria for inclusion vary across the sample. Furthermore, these criteria cannot be readily discerned from the folder system itself. Variation in folder domain and definition could adversely affect the utility of bookmark management systems for multiple users that involve some degree of standardization. The same variation in interpretation of seemingly identical folders suggests that systems with automatic categorization would not provide users with enough flexibility in how they could organize and access their bookmarks.
N1  - ID: 50
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
JA  - J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 148
A1  - Gould,J. D.
A1  - Boies,S. J.
A1  - Lewis,C.
T1  - Making usable, useful, productivity-enhancing computer applications
Y1  - 1991
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 74
EP  - 85
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - ID: 24
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communications of the ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 149
A1  - Grossman,M.
T1  - Litigation in the cyber age: Protect your business by protecting digital data
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 4
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Texas Lawyer [online serial]
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 38
A1  - Gwizdka,J.
T1  - Email task management styles: The cleaners and the keepers
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1238
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Email has become overloaded as users make use of email tools for performing a wide range of activities. Previous studies have demonstrated the different strategies employed by email users to manage messages. However, we have little information regarding how to explain those differences between users.The research described in this paper seeks to gain understanding of individual differences in email behaviour. We present results from a questionnaire-based study, which focused on how email users dealt with messages that relate to future tasks or events. We identified two types of user, defined by how they dealt with such messages: the cleaners and the keepers. The difference between these two groups can be attributed to differences in email experience and requirements for flexibility of closure. The ultimate goal of such research is to be able to predict differences in email use and to inform email user interface design and we discuss possible ways in which this could be done.
N1  - Email task management styles: The cleaners and the keepers; ID: 53
T2  - Extended Abstracts of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors and Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 36
A1  - Gwizdka,J.
T1  - TaskView: Design and evaluation of a task-based email interface
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 4
EP  - 14
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Email was originally designed as a tool for asynchronous communication. However, as the number of messages increased, so did their variety. A wide range of new and unforeseen email tasks reflects this variety. One of the most commonly performed activities in email is management of pending tasks. This research focuses on how to support this activity in email and explores solutions that use different external representations of messages and associated tasks. Central to this research is understanding the role of both external artifacts in managing multiple pending tasks, as well as internal representations and processes and how they can be linked to external representations. In a recent study we compared the effects of two email interfaces (Microsoft Outlook Inbox and TimeStore-TaskView) on efficiency and effectiveness of information finding in email messages. We found that TimeStore-TaskView interface was overall faster for finding information related to task dates, time and task overviews, while the Inbox interface was faster for finding information from subject lines, senders or from the message body. Based on the results from the study, we are in the process of designing a modified email prototype and a follow-up user study.
N1  - TaskView: Design and evaluation of a task-based email interface; ID: 51
T2  - IBM Centers for Advanced Studies Conference
PB  - IBM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 37
A1  - Gwizdka,J.
T1  - Reinventing the inbox: Supporting the management of pending tasks in email
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 550
EP  - 551
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Email was originally designed as a tool for asynchronous communication. However, its current usage goes far beyond that. One of the most commonly performed activities in email is the management of pending tasks. This research focuses on how to support this activity in email and explores alternative solutions that use different external representations of messages and associated tasks.
N1  - Reinventing the inbox: Supporting the management of pending tasks in email; ID: 52
T2  - CHI 2002 Extend Abstracts on Human Factors in Computer Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 92
A1  - Hackett,J.
A1  - Gibson,S.
T1  - Getting Ready for Electronic Implementation
Y1  - 2001
Y2  - April 6, 2001
KW  - Electronic Records Management
N1  - Paper presented at the Triangle ARMA Meeting
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 150
A1  - Harmon,A.
T1  - Corporate delete keys busy as E-mail turns up in court
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - 11 November 1998
VL  - Late Edition
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Section A; Corporate delete keys busy as E-mail turns up in court; ID: 5
T2  - New York Times
CY  - New York City
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 39
A1  - Henderson,S.
T1  - How do people organize their desktops?
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 1047
EP  - 1048
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Knowledge workers today have a lot of digital documents to manage, and most employ some sort of organizational system or scheme to help them. Most commonly used software provides the ability to create a hierarchical organization, but the appropriateness of this structure for personal digital document management has not been established. This research aims to understand how people currently organize their documents, identify the strengths and weaknesses of current systems and explore the usefulness.
N1  - ID: 11
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Vienna, Austria
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-703-6
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 151
A1  - Hiltz,S. R.
A1  - Turoff,M.
T1  - Structuring computer-mediated communication systems to avoid information overload
Y1  - 1985
VL  - 28
IS  - 7
SP  - 680
EP  - 686
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - ID: 25
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communications of the ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 80
A1  - Horky, D. W. 
T1  - Archival Perspectives on the Evolution and Organizational Impact of E-mail System Technologies
Y1  - 1998
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
AB  - This thesis examines published literature concerning electronic mail (email) from a wide variety of sources, to assist archivists in: determining the feasibility of acquiring legacy electronic mail systems; assessing the record-keeping potential of currently available email systems; identifying technological trends that may either challenge or promote the archival management of the records produced by email systems in the future. An evolutionary view of email systems technology development is essentialfor the critical analysis of media and social science research into this form of communication, most of which have not been assayed by the archival literature.
VL  - Master's thesis
PB  - University of Manitoba
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 40
A1  - Huynh,D.
A1  - Kargar,D.
A1  - Quan,D.
T1  - Haystack: A platform for creating, organizing, and visualizing information using RDF
Y1  - 2002
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - Haystack: A platform for creating, organizing, and visualizing information using RDF; ID: 54
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 41
A1  - Jacob,E.
T1  - The everyday world of work: Two approaches to the investigation of classification in context
Y1  - 2001
VL  - 57
IS  - 1
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - One major aspect of T.D. Wilson's research has been his insistence on situating the investigation of information behaviour within the context of its occurrence Ö within the everyday world of work. The significance of this approach is reviewed in light of the notion of embodied cognition that characterises the evolving theoretical episteme in cognitive science research. Embodied cognition employs complex external props such as stigmergic structures and cognitive scaffoldings to reduce the cognitive burden on the individual and to augment human problem-solving activities. The cognitive function of the classification scheme is described as exemplifying both stigmergic structures and cognitive scaffoldings. Two different but complementary approaches to the investigation of situated cognition are presented: cognition-as-scaffolding and cognition-as-infrastructure. Classification-as-scaffolding views the classification scheme as a knowledge storage device supporting and promoting cognitive economy. Classification-as-infrastructure views the classification system as a social convention that, when integrated with technological structures and organisational practices, supports knowledge management work. Both approaches are shown to build upon and extend Wilson's contention that research is most productive when it attends to the social and organisational contexts of cognitive activity by focusing on the everyday world of work.
N1  - ID: 55
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Documentation
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 42
A1  - Jahoda,G. E.
A1  - Hutchens,R. D.
A1  - Galford,R. R.
T1  - Characteristics an use of personal indexes maintained by scientists and engineers in one university
Y1  - 1966
VL  - 17
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 56
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - American Documentation
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 152
A1  - Jones,V.
T1  - Developing an E-mail policy: New technology requires new rules
Y1  - 1998
VL  - October
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 6
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Office Systems
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 43
A1  - Jones,W.
A1  - Dumais,S. T.
A1  - Bruce,H.
T1  - Once found, what then? A study of 'keeping' behaviors in the personal use of web information
Y1  - 2002
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This observational study investigates the methods people use in their workplace to organize web information for re-use. In addition to the bookmarking and history list tools provided by web browsers, people observed in our study used a variety of other methods and associated tools. For example, several participants emailed web addresses (URLs) along with comments to themselves and to others. Other methods observed included printing out web pages, saving web pages to the hard drive, pasting the address for a web page into a document and pasting the address into a personal web site. Differences emerged between people according to their workplace role and their relationship to the information they were gathering. Managers, for example, depended heavily on email to gather and disseminate information and did relatively little direct exploration of the Web. A functional analysis helps to explain differences in “keeping" behavior between people and to explain the overall diversity of methods observed. People differ in the functions they require according to their workplace role and the tasks they must perform; methods vary widely in the functions they provide. The functional analysis can also help to assess the likely success of various tools, current and proposed.
N1  - M1: 391-402; Once found, what then? A study of 'keeping' behaviors in the personal use of web information; ID: 57
T2  - American Society of Information Science and Technology Conference 2002
PB  - Information Today
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 116
A1  - Julian,Alicia
T1  - A Qualitative Analysis of Law Librarians and Their Use of E-Mail
Y1  - 1996
KW  - Email Management and Use
VL  - Master's Thesis
PB  - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis, Unpublished
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 117
A1  - Kandies,Jerry T.
T1  - Electronic Mail: Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Effective Communication
Y1  - 1994
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - The purpose of this study was (a) to investigate the functional use of e-mail in a university setting and the relationship of attitudes toward and self-efficacy with e-mail technology, and (b) to evaluate writing effectiveness in an electronic medium. The study also sought to determine if certain personal characteristics could serve as predictor variables for explaining e-mail use, attitudes toward e-mail, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology.
The population of interest was the teaching faculty at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who had a published e-mail address. A random sample of 500 faculty were sent a survey via campus mail. A total of 262 usable responses provided data for statistical treatment which included factor analysis and multiple regression. Additionally, 30 self-selected respondents provided copies of e-mail messages they had written. These messages were rated holistically for writing effectiveness, and the ratings were examined for their relationship with the extent of e-mail use, attitudes toward e-mail, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology.
The items on the attitude toward e-mail scale clustered into two factors, "Usefulness," and "Comfort/Anxiety." The items on the e-mail purposes of use scale also clustered into two factors, "Task Use," and "Social Use." These factors were similar to the ones on the instruments from which this study's instrument was adapted.
The results of the regression analyses indicated that several of the variables were significant predictors of e-mail use, attitudes toward e-mail, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology. An attitude of e-mail's usefulness and self-efficacy with e-mail technology were significant predictors of the extent of e-mail task and social use. Self-efficacy was a significant predictor of positive attitudes of usefulness and comfort. Age was a significant predictor of social use of e-mail as well as of a positive attitude of e-mail's usefulness. Years e-mail had been used was a significant predictor of the extent of e-mail use and of self-efficacy. Higher ranking teaching faculty had more positive attitudes of e-mail's usefulness.
The results of analyses of holistic ratings indicate no significant correlations existed among the variables. Recommendations for instruction and for further research are described.
VL  - PhD Dissertation
PB  - Virginia Polytechnic Institute
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis, Unpublished
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 118
A1  - Kanfer,Alaina
T1  - It's a Thin World: The Association Between Email Use and Patterns of Communication and Relationships
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Email Management and Use
VL  - http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/edu/trg/info_society.html
PB  - Naitonal Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 44
A1  - Kaplan,S. J.
A1  - Kapor,M. D.
A1  - Belove,E. J.
A1  - Landsman,R. A.
A1  - Drake,T. R.
T1  - Agenda: A personal information manager
Y1  - 1990
VL  - 33
IS  - 7
SP  - 105
EP  - 116
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - The free-form, evolving, personal information that people deal with in the course of their daily activities requires more flexible data structures and data management systems than tabular data structures provide. A tool for managing personal information must conveniently handle freetextual data; allow for structure to evolve gracefully as the database grows; represent unnormalized data; and support data entry through database views. We have designed a new type of database that serves these needs—“item/category” database—and realized this design in a commercial personal computer software product named “Agenda.”
N1  - ID: 58
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communications of the ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 119
A1  - Kautz,K.
T1  - Information Technology Transfer and Implementation: The Introduction of an Electronic Mail System in a Public Service Organization
Y1  - 1995
Y2  - October 1995
KW  - Email Management and Use
A2  - Kautz,K.
A2  - Pries-Heye,J.
T2  - Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology, Proceedings of the First IFIP WG 8.6 Working Conference on the Diffusion and Adoption of Information Technology
VL  - Oslo, Norway
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 45
A1  - Kidd,A.
T1  - The marks are on the information worker
Y1  - 1994
SP  - 186
EP  - 191
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - A study of twelve knowledge workers showed that their defining characteristic is that they are changed by the information they process, Their value lies in their diversity - companies exploit the fact that these people make different sense of the same phenomena and therefore respond in diverse ways. Knowledge workers do not carry much written information with them when they travel and rarely consult their filed information when working in their offices, Their desks are cluttered and seemingly function as a spatial holding pattern for current inputs and ideas. My explanation is that once informed (ie, given form) by some written material, these workers have no particular need to retain a copy of the informing source. However, if a piece of written material has not yet informed them, then they cannot sensibly tile it anyway because its subsequent use or role in their world is still undetermined, I conclude that the valuable marks are on the knowledge worker rather than on the paper or on the electronic file and suggest how computer support for knowledge work might be better targeted on the act of informing rather than on passively filing large quantities of information in a “disembodied” form.
N1  - The marks are on the information worker; ID: 59
T2  - Proceedings of CHI 1994
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 46
A1  - Kiss,A.
A1  - Quinqueton,J.
T1  - Uniscript: a model for persistent and incremental knowledge storage
Y1  - 2004
SP  - 66
EP  - 73
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - We present in this paper a model of personal knowledge representation for lifetime storage. In the model we separate the knowledge layer from the resource layer. The knowledge layer consists of a network of atomic knowledge units situated in space and time. Resources are data packages (bit sequences) that can be rendered by some device into any human-perceivable form. The two parts complement each other: the knowledge network can be seen as annotations of the resource base (multimedia store) while resources can serve as means for the interpretation of knowledge units as well as a way to index and access them. For the knowledge network we propose a simple formalism that we consider could support the emergence of a language capable of describing increasingly complex situations of the real world and, by time, to represent any information that is expressible by natural language.; ID: 6
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, New York, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-932-2
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 47
A1  - Kraut,R. E.
A1  - Attewell,P.
T1  - Media use in global corporation: Electronic mail and organizational knowledge
Y1  - 1997
SP  - 323
EP  - 342
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - How has the proliferation of communications media changed the volume of communication and the distribution of information in large organizations? There is reason to think that the availability of more communication media increases the amount of communication employees receive, with positive effects on their organizational knowledge and commitment, but negative effects on their perception of being overloaded. Prior research suggests that electronic mail may differ from other media by more effectively spreading organizational information to peripheral employees, and doing so while interrupting them less than other styles of communication. This paper uses survey data from a large US-based multi-national corporation to examine the effects of communication by electronic mail and other media. Results are that employees who used electronic mail extensively, net of their communication over other media, were better informed about their company and more committed to its management’s goals. One reason for their superior organizational knowledge seems to be that electronic mail promotes “information spillover” from a focal recipient of a message to others who are less directly interested in a message, but does so without subjecting the marginal parties to the burdens of interruption and information overload.
N1  - ID: 60
A2  - Kiesler,S.
T2  - Culture of the Internet
PB  - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
CY  - Mahweh, NJ
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Section
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 48
A1  - Kushmerick,N.
A1  - Lau,T.
T1  - Automated email activity management: an unsupervised learning approach
Y1  - 2005
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Many structured activities are managed by email. For instance, a consumer purchasing an item from an e-commerce vendor may receive a message confirming the order, a warning of a delay, and then a shipment notification. Existing email clients do not understand this structure, forcing users to manage their activities by sifting through lists of messages. As a first step to developing email applications that provide high-level support for structured activities, we consider the problem of automatically learning an activity's structure. We formalize activities as finite-state automata, where states correspond to the status of the process, and transitions represent messages sent between participants. We propose several unsupervised machine learning algorithms in this context, and evaluate them on a collection of e-commerce email.
N1  - ID: 4
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - San Diego, California, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-894-6
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 138
A1  - Kwasnik, B. H. 
T1  - Factors Affecting the Naming of Documents in an Office
Y1  - 1998
SP  - 100
EP  - 106
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Describes one aspect of classificatory behaviour: the naming or labelling of documents in a person's environment. The theoretical basis of collecting data on naming is reviewed. In a study presently underway, 8 university faculty members were asked to describe the organisation of documents in their offices. The labels serve as a reference point for further analysis of the other dimensions along which the documents are organised.
T2  - ASIS ’88: Proceedings of the 51st ASIS Annual Meeting
PB  - Learned Information
CY  - Medford, NJ
A3  - Borgman, C. L. 
A3  - Pai,E. Y. H. 
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 137
A1  - Kwasnik, B. H. 
T1  - The Exploration by Means of Repertory Grids of Semantic Differences amoung Names for Office Documents
Y1  - 1992
SP  - 273
EP  - 283
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
A2  - Williamson,N. J.
A2  - Hudon,M.
T2  - Classification Research for Knowledge Representation and Organization
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Section
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 140
A1  - Kwasnik, B. H. 
T1  - The Importance of Factors That are Not Document Attributes in the Organization of Personal Documents
Y1  - 1991
Y2  - December
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
SP  - 389
EP  - 398
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - The study aimed to investigate and describe the way in which people organise documents in their offices. 8 university faculty members were asked to describe their own offices in terms of the organisation of documents. Each respondent was also asked to sort a typical day's mail. An inductively created content analysis of the data was performed and the results suggest that the criteria or factors that people take into account when classifying documents consist not only of document factors (such as the document's topic or form) but also, to a very important degress, of situational factors (such as the use to which the document is to be put). One implication of this study is that, in designing systems for organising documents, it might be advantageous to explore ways of modelling typical contexts of document use.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Documentation
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 139
A1  - Kwasnik, B. H. 
T1  - How a Personal Document’s Intended Use or Purpose Affects Its Classification in an Office
Y1  - 1989
Y2  - 1989
SP  - 207
EP  - 210
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This paper reports on one of the findings of a larger case study that attempts to describe how people organize documents in their own offices. In that study, several dimensions along which people make classificatory decisions were identified. Of these, the use to which a document is put emerged as a strong determiner of that document's classification. The method of analysis is reviewed, and examples of different kinds of uses are presented, demonstrating that it is possible to describe a wide variety of specific instances using a closed set of descriptors. The suggestion is made that, in designing systems for organizing materials, it might be advantageous to incorporate information about contextual variables, such as use, since these seem to be particularly important in classification decisions made within personal environments.
A2  - Belkin,N. J.
A2  - Van Rijsbergen,C. J.
T2  - SIGIR ’89: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International ACMSIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - ACM Digital Library
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 141
A1  - Kwasnik, B. H. 
T1  - The Influence of Context on Classificatory Behavior
Y1  - 1989
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the influence of context on the process by which people organize and classify their own documents in their own personal information space.
The research problem is (1) to elicit a description of context in which the person finds him or herself on the occasion of the behavior being studied; (2) to identify what documents are significant in this context; (3) to observe and describe how and under what circumstances the documents are differentiated, classed, and integrated into a meaningful whole; (4) to isolate from this process those dimensions of the user's context and features of documents that are salient for the user; and (5) to identify patterns of this behavior and to discover what rules are followed when people create and organize meanings. The goal is to produce a conceptual model of the users' organizing processes.
Eight university faculty members, men and women from a variety of disciplines and of various academic ranks, were asked to describe their own offices in terms of the organization of what each of them defined as documents. Each subject was also asked to sort a day's mail. Following the data analysis, four of the eight subjects were interviewed once again, at which time the researcher used the results of analysis as a guide and tried to sort and classify each subject's mail as he or she might have.
The major findings were that context does, to a great extent, influence classificatory decisions. The relationship of context to behavior remains relatively stable across the cases. Another finding is that it is possible to elicit information about cognitive processes from participants within the context in which the behavior takes place. People are able to articulate the process by which classification decisions were made, and the data produced by this articulation lend themselves to analysis at a level which can yield general rules about the behavior.
Implications of this study for system design are that it might be advantageous to explore ways of modelling typical contexts, since these seem to be important in classification decisions made within personal information environments.
VL  - PhD Thesis
PB  - Rutgers. The State University of New Jersey
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis, Unpublished
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 49
A1  - Lamming,M.
A1  - Eldridge,M.
A1  - Flynn,M.
A1  - Jones,C.
A1  - Pendelbury,D.
T1  - Satchel: Providing access to any document, any time, anywhere
Y1  - 2000
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
SP  - 322
EP  - 352
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Current solutions for providing access to electronic documents while away from the office do not meet the special needs of mobile document workers. We describe ”Satchel,“ a system that is designed specifically to support the distinctive features of mobile document work. Satchel is designed to meet the following five high-level design goals (1) easy access to document services; (2) timely document access; (3) streamlined user interface; (4) ubiquity; and (5)compliance with security policies. Our current prototype uses a Nokia 9000 Communicator as the mobile device; it communicates to the rest of the Satchel system using wireless communications, both infrared and radio. A fundamental Satchel concept is the use of tokens, or small secure references, to represent documents on the mobile device. The mobile client only transmits small tokens over te wireless channels, leaving the wired network to transmit the contents of documents when, and only when, they are required. Another fundmental Satchel concept is the highly speclized and context-sensitive user interface on the mobile device. The user's interactions ae streamlined because of this specialization and though the use of contextual information gained by uing infrared communications. We report the results of a trial of Satchel that was carried out within our own company, and discuss how well Satchel met our design goals. We call Satchel a ”document appliance” because it provides a streamlined soultion to the problem of remote document access—it aims to support only a limited set of activities, but supports them very well.
N1  - ID: 61
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Transactions in Computer Human Interaction
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 50
A1  - Lansdale,M.
A1  - Edmonds,E.
T1  - Using memory for events in the design of personal filing systems
Y1  - 1992
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 97
EP  - 126
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 62
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 51
A1  - Levy,D. M.
T1  - Scrolling forward: Making sense of documents in the digital age
Y1  - 2001
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
N1  - ID: 63
PB  - Arcade Publishing
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 120
A1  - Liebscher,P.
A1  - Abels,E. G.
A1  - Denman,D. W.
T1  - Factors that Influence the Use of Electronic Networks by Science and Engineering Faculty at Small Institutions. Part II: Preliminary Use Indicators
Y1  - 1997
Y2  - June 1997
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
SP  - 486
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Reports results of a study that examined factors influencing the adoption and use of electronic networks by science and engineering faculty in 6 small universities in the south-eastern USA. Part of the study gathered data on the purpose, type, and extent of electronic communications. Data were gathered by mail questionnaire and by follow up site visits. Reports on 5 types of network use, electronic mail, electronic discussion groups, accessing remote databases, accessing remote computer facilities, and file transfer. For each service, data are reported for frequency of use by purpose: research, teaching administration, social and current awareness. Outlines preliminary use indicators for each service in terms of heavy and moderate use.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 52
A1  - Losee,R. M. J.
T1  - Minimizing information overload: The ranking of electronic messages
Y1  - 1989
VL  - 15
SP  - 179
EP  - 189
KW  - Email Management and Use
N1  - ID: 64
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Information Science
JA  - J.Inf.Sci.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 53
A1  - Lyman,P.
A1  - Varian,H. R.
T1  - How much information
Y1  - 2003
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
N1  - How much information; ID: 65
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 54
A1  - Mackay,W. E.
T1  - Diversity in the use of electronic mail: A preliminary inquiry
Y1  - 1988
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 380
EP  - 397
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - This paper describes a series of interviews that examine the ways that professional office workers use electronic mail to manage their daily work. The purpose is to generate hypotheses for future research. A number of implications for the design of flexible mail systems are discussed. Two principal claims are made. First, the use of electronic mail is strikingly diverse, although not infinitely so. Individuals vary both in objective measures of mail use and in preferred strategies for managing work electronically. Feelings of control are similarly diverse and are related to the size of the user's inbox, numbers of folders, and subscriptions to distribution lists. This diversity implies that one's own experiences with electronic mail are unlikely to provide sufficient understanding of other's uses of mail. Mail designers should thus seek flexible primitives that capture the important dimensions of use and provide flexibility for a wide range of users. The second claim is that electronic mail is more than just a communication system. Users archive messages for subject retrieval, prioritize messages to sequence work activities, and delegate tasks via mail. A taxonomy of work management is proposed in which mail is used for information management, time management, and task management activities. Directions for future research are suggested.
N1  - ID: 66
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Transactions on Information Systems
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 55
A1  - Mackenzie,M. L.
T1  - The personal organizaton of electronic mail messages in a business environment: An exploratory study
Y1  - 2000
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
SP  - 405
EP  - 426
KW  - Email Management and Use
N1  - Based on 12 surveys and 2 in-depth interviews, the author studied email classification in a business environment. Did not study anyone with less than 10 years with the company. Found the name of the sender is important, but not as important as subject line or electronic flag. Found levels of classification: What I must do (immediate need), What others must do, Things that don’t require action but may have future need. Author looked at the user’s folder schemes and created 4 new possible schemes – two based on “user warrant” and two based on “administrative warrant” and had the user’s evaluate each scheme. Users rejected administrative schemes organized by dates and by action required/priority, saying “I couldn’t deal with this”; “this is making me nervous.”; ID: 67
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Library and Information Science Research
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 142
A1  - Malone, T. W. 
T1  - How Do People Organize Their Desks? Implications for the Design of Office Information Systems
Y1  - 1983
Y2  - January
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
EP  - 112
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Paper describes a series of interviews focusing on the way professional and clerical office workers organize the information in their desks and offices.  A number of implications for designing "natural" and convenient computer based information systems are discussed.  Two principal claims are made 1) a very important function of desk organization is to remind the user of things to do, not just to help the user find desired information.  Failing to suport this function may seriously impair the usefullness of electronic office systems, and explicitly facilitiating it may provide an important advantage for automated office systems over their nonautomated predecessors.  2) The cognitive difficulty of categorizing information is an important factor in explaining how people organize their desks...
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - New York, NY
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - ACM Digital Library
JF  - ACM Transactions on Office Systems
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 56
A1  - Mander,R.
A1  - Salomon,G.
A1  - Won,Y. Y.
T1  - A pile metaphor for supporting casual organization of information
Y1  - 1992
SP  - 627
EP  - 634
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - A user study was conducted to investigate how people deal with the flow of information in their workspaces. Subjects reported that, in an attempt to quickly and informally manage their information, they created piles of documents. Piles were seen as complementary to the folder filing system, which was used for more formal archiving. A new desktop interface element–the pile– was developed and prototyped through an iterative process. The design includes direct manipulation techniques and support for browsing, and goes beyond physical world functionality by providing system assistance for automatic pile construction and reorganization. Preliminary user tests indicate the design is promising and raise issues that will be addressed in future work.
N1  - A pile metaphor for supporting casual organization of information; ID: 68
A2  - Bauersfeld,P.
A2  - Bennett,J.
A2  - Lynch,G.
T2  - SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PB  - ACM Press
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 153
A1  - Marquess,K.
T1  - If pen is mightier than sword, is E-mail stronger than both?
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 7
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Chicago Lawyer [online]
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 93
A1  - McClure,C. R.
A1  - Sprehe,T.
T1  - Analysis  and Development of Model Quality Guidelines for Electronic Records Management  on State and Federal Website
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - January 1998
KW  - Electronic Records Management
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 94
A1  - McClure,C. R.
A1  - Sprehe,T.
T1  - Guidelines  for Electronic Records Management on State and Federal Websites
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - January 1998
KW  - Electronic Records Management
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 95
A1  - McDonald,J.
T1  - Managing Records in the Modern Office: Taming the Wild Frontier
Y1  - 1995
Y2  - Spring 1995
VL  - 30
SP  - 70
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - Paper earlier versions of which were presented at the annual conference of the Association of Canadian Archivists, Ottawa, 1994, and the `Playing for keeps' conference, Canberra, Australia, Nov 94. From the record keeping perspective the modern office is like a wild frontier. Office workers can create, send, store, and delete electronic messages and documents at will in the absence if any ground rules. In developing record keeping solutions it is necessary to understand the evolution that is taking place in the use of technology. Traces this evolution and argues that as sets of standards or ground rules are devised archivists and records managers will have the chance to influence the way that records are managed.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Archivaria
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 154
A1  - McNary,S.
T1  - Corona E-mail isn't permanent: City officials keep written letters for two years, but electronic messages are unusual if they are still around 90 days later
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 23 October 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Local; Corona E-mail isn't permanent: City officials keep written letters for two years, but electronic messages are unusual if they are still around 90 days later; ID: 8
T2  - The Press Enterprise
CY  - Riverside, CA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 155
A1  - McNary,S.
T1  - Lawyer sues over E-mail: He says the delete electronic messages from Corona citizens have been used in a class-action suit over traffic issues
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 28 October 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Local; Lawyer sues over E-mail: He says the delete electronic messages from Corona citizens have been used in a class-action suit over traffic issues; ID: 9
T2  - The Press-Enterprise
CY  - Riverside, CA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 156
A1  - McNary,S.
T1  - Corona mulls preservation of it's E-mail: Lawsuit calls for E-mail to be treated like letters
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 16 November 1999
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Local; Corona mulls preservation of it's E-mail: Lawsuit calls for E-mail to be treated like letters; ID: 10
T2  - The Press-Enterprise
CY  - Riverside, CA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 57
A1  - Meredith,R.
T1  - When one isn't enough: an analysis of virtual desktop usage strategies and their implications for design
Y1  - 2003
SP  - 762
EP  - 763
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Screen space is a limited resource for computer users-multiple monitors are one means of workspace expansion, and "virtual desktops" are yet another way to increase screen real-estate. We present a taxonomy of organization strategies based on our observations during a series of interviews with virtual desktop users. Additionally, we explore causes of varying user preferences for physical versus virtual means of screen-space expansion. Finally, we discuss the design implications of our findings.
N1  - ID: 22
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-637-4
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 121
A1  - Minsky,B. D.
A1  - Marin, D. B. 
T1  - Why Faculty Members Use E-mail: The Role of Individual Differences in Channel Choice
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - April 1999
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 194
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - A study examined the role of individual differences in the individual selection and use of communication media in organizations. Using data provided by a sample of 163 faculty members in two colleges, this investigation sought to answer why one person may use e-mail at all times while another does so only infrequently or not at all given the same circumstances. Findings revealed that perception of the benefits and ease of use of e-mail is positively related to e-mail use. Moreover, work in the science field and a good attitude toward change and innovation are also positively related to e-mail use. Also, a positive relationship was found between e-mail use by people within a group and e-mail use by the group leader. High computer self-efficacy was found to be positively linked to e-mail use. These results necessitate a more complete and complex model of the process of ascertaining e-mail selection and use.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Business Communication
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 58
A1  - Mock,K.
T1  - An experimental framework for email categorization and management
Y1  - 2001
SP  - 392
EP  - 393
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Many problems are difficult to adequately explore until a prototype exists in order to elicit user feedback. One such problem is a system that automatically categorizes and manages email. Due to a myriad of user interface issues, a prototype is necessary to determine what techniques and technologies are effective in the email domain. This paper describes the implementation of an add-in for Microsoft Outlook 2000 TM that intends to address two problems with email: 1) help manage the inbox by automatically classifying email based on user folders, and 2) to aid in search and retrieval by providing a list of email relevant to the selected item. This add-in represents a first step in an experimental system for the study of other issues related to information management. The system has been set up to allow experimentation with other classification algorithms and the source code is available online in an effort to promote further experimentation.
N1  - ID: 69
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 96
A1  - National Historical Publications and Records Commission
T1  - NHPRC: Electronic Records
KW  - Electronic Records Management
VL  - http://www.archives.gov/nhprc_and_other_grants/electronic_records/electronic_records.html
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 97
A1  - National Historical Publications and Records Commission
T1  - NHPRC:  Electronic Records Initiatives
KW  - Electronic Records Management
VL  - http://www.archives.gov/grants/electronic_records/initiative.html
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 98
A1  - National Historical Publications and Records Commission
T1  - NHPRC:  Research Issues in Electronic Records
KW  - Electronic Records Management
VL  - http://www.archives.gov/grants/electronic_records/research_issues_contents.html
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 122
A1  - Nelson,F.
A1  - Knight Ridder
T1  - E-Mail has Changed the Way We Do Business
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - July 6, 1999
VL  - Click Section
KW  - Email Management and Use
VL  - City Edition
JF  - The Buffalo News
A3  - Anonymous
AV  - Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 59
A1  - Neumann,L. J.
T1  - Paper, piles, and computer files: Folklore of Information work environements
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SP  - 439
EP  - 469
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 70
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Library Trends
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 157
A1  - Pasterczyk,C. E.
T1  - Federal E-mail management: A records manager's view of Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President and it's aftermath
Y1  - 1998
SP  - 10
EP  - 22
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 11
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Records Management Quarterly
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 60
A1  - Rao,R.
A1  - Card,S. K.
A1  - Johnson,W.
A1  - Klotz,L.
A1  - Trigg,R. H.
T1  - Protofoil: Storing and finding the information worker's paper documents in an electronic file cabinet
Y1  - 1994
SP  - 180
EP  - 185
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - ID: 71
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 61
A1  - Ravasio,P.
A1  - Guttormsen,S. S.
A1  - Krueger,H.
T1  - In pursuit of desktop evolution: User problems and practices with modern desktop systems
Y1  - 2004
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 156
EP  - 180
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This study deals with the problems users encounter in their daily work with computers and the typical practices that they employ. Sixteen daily computer users were interviewed about their habits and problems that they encountered during document classification and retrieval. For both these areas, we provide an overview of identified user practices and a citation-based analysis of the problems users encountered, including those related to the use of the screen real estate (the actual desktop). Two types of problems were identified: (1) Problems that concern the actual use of the system installed on the computer. (2) Problems that arise when people realise that they are using a system that does not allow for the desired work or organizational functions sought. We were able to show that skill continues to be an important factor with respect to the ease of using today's systems. We suggest the following necessary improvements for the evolution of personal information systems: A storage facility that represents the user's view of information; replacing pure technical file metadata with more user-friendly attributes; and introduction of annotations as a new information type.
N1  - ID: 8
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 123
A1  - Rea,M. V. D.
A1  - Pemberton,J. M.
T1  - Electronic Mail and Electronic Data Interchange: Challenges to Records Management
Y1  - 1994
Y2  - October 1994
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 3
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Computer based electronic records system are the greatest challenge and the greatest opportunity record managers have faced since the arrival of micrographics in the field almost 40 years ago. Explores electronic mail and electronic data interchange in 3 ways: basic functions and features, important technical standards associated with them, and significant management demands they will make on records professionals.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Records Management Quarterly
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 62
A1  - Ringel,M.
A1  - Cutrell,E.
A1  - Dumais,S. T.
A1  - Horvitz,E.
T1  - Milestones in time: The value of landmarks in retrieving information from personal stores
Y1  - 2003
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - We describe the design and analysis of timeline visualizations for displaying the results of queries on an index of personal content. The visualization was built on top of a personal search engine that provides a unified index of all the information a user has seen, including web pages, email, and documents. Results of searches are presented with an overview-plus-detail timeline visualization. A summary view shows the distribution of search hits over time, and a detailed view allows for inspection of individual search results. In a user study, we explore the value of extending a basic time view by adding public landmarks (holidays and important news events) and personal landmarks (photos and important calendar events).
N1  - ID: 72
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 124
A1  - Robbin,A.
T1  - Social Scientists at Work on Electronic Research Networks
Y1  - 1992
Y2  - Summer 1992
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 6
EP  - 30
KW  - Email Management and Use
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 63
A1  - Rodden,K.
A1  - Wood,K., R.
T1  - How do people manage their digital photographs?
Y1  - 2003
SP  - 409
EP  - 416
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - In this paper we present and discuss the findings of a study that investigated how people manage their collections of digital photographs. The six-month, 13-participant study included interviews, questionnaires, and analysis of usage statistics gathered from an instrumented digital photograph management tool called Shoebox. Alongside simple browsing features such as folders, thumbnails and timelines, Shoebox has some advanced multimedia features: content-based image retrieval and speech recognition applied to voice annotations. Our results suggest that participants found their digital photos much easier to manage than their non-digital ones, but that this advantage was almost entirely due to the simple browsing features. The advanced features were not used very often and their perceived utility was low. These results should help to inform the design of improved tools for managing personal digital photographs.
N1  - ID: 13
PB  - ACM Press
CY  - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA
A3  - Anonymous
SN  - 1-58113-630-7
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 64
A1  - Rosenberg,S.
T1  - Let's get this straight: Personal Information Mismanagement
Y1  - 1999
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - TY: GEN; Let's get this straight: Personal Information Mismanagement; ID: 74
T2  - Salon
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Generic
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 81
A1  - Ross,S.
T1  - Changing Trains at Wigan: Digital Preservation and the Future of Scholarship
Y1  - 2000
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
PB  - National Preservation Office
CY  - London
JF  - NPO Preservation Guidance Occasional Papers
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Generic
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 125
A1  - Samuels,J.
T1  - Electronic Mail: Information Exchange or Information Loss
Y1  - 1998
SP  - 101
EP  - 119
KW  - Email Management and Use
A2  - Higgs,E.
T2  - Historians and Electronic Artifacts
PB  - Clarendon Press
CY  - Oxford
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Section
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 158
A1  - Saunders,J.
T1  - Legally on line
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - June 1
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - TY: GEN; Legally on line; ID: 12
T2  - The Scotsman
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Generic
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 159
A1  - Schatz,A. J.
T1  - County can't deliver E-mail to public
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 19 September 1999
VL  - Hernando Times
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Hernando Times; County can't deliver E-mail to public; ID: 13
T2  - St. Petersburg Times
JF  - St. Petersburg Times
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 160
A1  - Schatz,A. J.
T1  - Agencies move to retain E-mail
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - 27 September 1999
VL  - Hernando Times
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Hernando Times; Agencies move to retain E-mail; ID: 14
T2  - St. Petersburg Times
CY  - St. Petersburg
JF  - St. Petersburg Times
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 127
A1  - Schwartz,D. G.
T1  - When E-Mail Meets Organizational Memories: Addressing Threats to Communication in a Learning Organization
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 599
EP  - 614
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - The communicative act in a learning organization is subject to a number of threats to its validity (Habermas, 1981), in particular the comprehensibility, truth, trustworthiness and appropriateness of a given message. Organizational memories (OMs) can be used to address these threats. Our focus is on email communication, which suffers from the same threats identified by Habermas. The integration of email with on OM can improve the quality of communication by applying meta-knowledge to appropriately link a given message to the OM. In this paper, we expand upon the direction taken by earlier work of Abecker et al. (1997) with respect to the importance of the object-meta relationship and the use of meta-knowledge to manage (or rather to complete) an OM. We suggest that the focus of the meta-knowledge in an email application, should be on the roles, perspectives, and characteristics of the people in an organization rather than on knowledge description. This, we argue, will effectively ensure that knowledge will not be disassociated from the people and the situation (Sierhuis & Clancey, 1997). We present the HyperMail architecture and sample application to illustrate how formal meta-knowledge is used to re-associate informal email communications to an OM.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 126
A1  - Schwartz,D. G.
T1  - Applying Shared Semantics to Organizational E-Mail Communications
Y1  - 1998
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
KW  - Email Management and Use
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Internet Research
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 128
A1  - Searcy,D.
T1  - Electronic Mail Usage by Full-Time Teaching Faculty, Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba
Y1  - 1998
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional use of email communication by the full-time teaching faculty with at least 10 month term contracts in the Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba. The 41 full time teaching faculty with at least a 10 month term contract were surveyed as a cluster sample by written mail questionnaire. Twenty-three questionnaires were returned. The survey consisted of 67 questions which sought to answer four fundamental research questions. (1) How widespread is email use in the Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba? (2) How is email being used in the Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba? (3) What are the attitudes of the full time teaching staff of the Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba toward email technology? (4) What are the demographics of email use in the Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba?
The study presents a snapshot of faculty use of email technology. Follow-up interviews (which were not a part of the research protocol) might have provided a more detailed picture.
VL  - Master's Thesis
PB  - University of Manitoba
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis, Unpublished
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 161
A1  - Segal,R. B.
A1  - Kepart,J. O.
T1  - MailCat: An intelligent assistant for organizing E-mail
Y1  - 1999
SP  - 276
EP  - 282
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - MailCat: An intelligent assistant for organizing E-mail; ID: 26
T2  - Third Annual Conference on Autonomous Agents
PB  - ACM
CY  - Seattle, WA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 65
A1  - Sellen,A.
A1  - Harper,R. H. R.
T1  - The myth of the paperless office
Y1  - 2002
KW  - Electronic Records Management
N1  - ID: 75
PB  - The MIT Press
CY  - Cambridge, MA
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 162
A1  - Sheridan,T. B.
T1  - Designing complex technology: Understanding it as of, by, and for people
Y1  - 1989
VL  - 36
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
N1  - ID: 27
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Technological Forcasting and Social Change
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - EJOUR
ID  - 129
A1  - Silver,B.
T1  - Lost E-mail? 5 Archive Solutions
Y1  - 2000
Y2  - November 2000
KW  - Email Management and Use
VL  - http://www.transformmag.com/db_area/archs/2000/11/img0011f1.shtml?storageperipherals
JF  - Imaging and Document Solutions
M1  - Journal, Electronic
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 164
A1  - Sipior,J. C.
A1  - Ward,B. T.
T1  - The dark side of employee email
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
SP  - 88
EP  - 95
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 16
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communications of the ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 163
A1  - Sipior,J. C.
A1  - Ward,B. T.
T1  - The ethical and legal quandry of Email privacy
Y1  - 1995
VL  - 38
IS  - 12
SP  - 48
EP  - 55
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 15
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Communications of the ACM
JA  - Commun ACM
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 66
A1  - Soper,M. E.
T1  - Characteristics and use of personal collections
Y1  - 1976
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
SP  - 397
EP  - 415
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 76
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Library Quarterly
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 99
A1  - Steemson,M.
T1  - Managing Records or Managing Media: Information Boom or Bust
Y1  - 1997
SP  - 17
KW  - Electronic Records Management
AB  - Part 2 of a keynote address by the Principal of The Caldeson Constancy, to the Fourteenth National Convention of the Records Management Association of Australia (RMAA) held at Perth, Western Australia, 17 Sept 1997. Looks at aspects of records management. Covers: retention schedules, electronic records management software packages, the future of records managers, the importance of standards, and codes of practice, usefulness of the Internet, and training. Sets out a scenario for records management in 2020.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Records Management Bulletin
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
ID  - 165
A1  - Stern,A.
T1  - Electronic mail raises thorny legal questions
Y1  - 1996
Y2  - 8 April 1996
VL  - Second
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - M2: Business; Electronic mail raises thorny legal questions; ID: 17
T2  - The Denver Post
CY  - Denver, CO
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Newspaper Article
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 130
A1  - Stevens, G. R. 
A1  - McElhill,J.
T1  - A Qualitative Study and Model of the Use of E-Mail in Organizations
Y1  - 2000
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SP  - 271
EP  - 283
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - A huge upsurge in the growth of e-mail is expected but there has been relatively little published advice on how to take a corporate view of electronic mail, despite demonstration of its operational benefits and of the consequences of its misuse in economic, human and lately in legal terms. This article contributes to formation of such advice. Employing a mix of questionnaire and interview methods, a set of disparate organisations was studied - a global financial services company, an upmarket hotel group, a well-established mobile-telecommunications company, and 3 universities. The results were used to devise a mutli-dimensional positioning model for practical use by managers to understand their organisation's present use of e-mail on 4 dimensions: information management, people influences, corporate culture, and knowledge management. It shows how an organization can find/change its present position on the model.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Internet Research
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 82
A1  - Stoker,D.
T1  - Wanted - an Innovative and Visionary Evidence-based/Knowledge Management Librarian
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - June 1999
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
SP  - 67
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Librarianship and Information Science
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 131
A1  - Sullivan,Christopher B.
T1  - Preferences for Electornic Mail in Organizational Communication Tasks
Y1  - 1995
Y2  - January 1995
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 49
EP  - 64
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Preferences for electronic mail in an information intensive public organization is examined. For the study, e-mail users among the staff of the Florida House of Representatives are asked to answer survey questions regarding their e-mail preference months after the system was implemented. Results show that the frequency of e-mail use increases as one's job title gets lower. It is also found that e-mail is most used in such activities as document delivery, requests for information and answering inquiries and least used in drafting documents, assigning tasks and making decisions. Moreover, it is discovered that e-mail, on the average, is less preferred than face-to-face interaction as a communication channel but is more preferred than telephone, memos and letters.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Business Communication
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 132
A1  - Sullivan,Colin
T1  - E-mail Archiving: Why Is It Important to Keep Track of All Your E-mails?
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - September/October
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
SP  - 24
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - As far as pressing records management issues go, managing e-mail is still a relatively wide-open, untouched technology market. E-mail is a document subject to the same course of litigation as any other document and, more importantly, has become many companies' most vital link to their corporate memory and/or knowledge bank. Two major problems facing E-mail archivists are: 1. preserving the corporate memory and 2. creating a system that allows for public access, as a matter of federal law, to E-mail documents.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Inform
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 100
A1  - Sutton, M. J. D. 
T1  - Document Management for the Enterprise:  Principles, Techniques, and Applications
Y1  - 1996
KW  - Electronic Records Management
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New York
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 67
A1  - Takkinen,J.
A1  - Shahmehri,N.
T1  - CAFE: A conceptual model for managing information in electronic mail
Y1  - 1998
SP  - 44
EP  - 53
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - The design and implementation of a conceptual model, CAFE (a Categorization Assistant For E-mail), is described. The model supports the organization, searching, and retrieval of information in e-mail. Three modes are available for satisfying the users' needs in various situations: the Busy mode for intermittent use at times of high stress, the Cool mode for continuous use at the computer, and the Curious mode for sporadic use when exploring and (re-)organizing messages when more time is at hand. The design of the model is motivated partly by the results of a case study of categorization on the computer screen, and partly by a survey of e-mail clients. The case study was inspired by cognitive science theories. The model is related to information seeking theories in electronic environments. In the implementation each mode required using a different technique. The Busy mode uses the text- based Naive Bayesian algorithm, the Cool mode uses e- mail filtering rules, and the Curious mode uses a combination of clustering techniques known as Scatter/Gather.
N1  - ID: 77
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Proceedings of HICSS-31, The 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 69
A1  - Taylor,R. S.
T1  - Value added processes in information systems
Y1  - 1986
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
N1  - ID: 79
PB  - Ables
CY  - Norwood, NJ
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 68
A1  - Taylor,R. S.
T1  - Value-added processes in the information life-cycle
Y1  - 1982
VL  - 33
SP  - 341
EP  - 346
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
N1  - ID: 78
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
JA  - J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 171
A1  - Te'Eni,D.
A1  - Schwartz,D. E.
T1  - Contextualization in Computer-Mediated Communciation
Y1  - 1999
SP  - 327
EP  - 338
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
A2  - Brooks,L.
A2  - Kimble,C.
T2  - Information Systems - The Next Generation
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - London
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Section
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 101
A1  - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
T1  - E-mail retention guidelines
Y2  - January 19, 2000
KW  - Electronic Records Management
VL  - http://www.unc.edu/finance/ddd/emailretention.htm
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - EJOUR
ID  - 83
A1  - Thibodeau,K.
T1  - Building the Archives of the Future: Advances in Preserving Electronic Records at the National Archives and Records Administration
Y1  - 2001
Y2  - February 2001
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - May 3, 2005
KW  - Archival Issues and Preservation
VL  - http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february01/thibodeau/02thibodeau.html
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
M1  - Journal, Electronic
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 166
A1  - Thompson,J. A.
A1  - DeTienne,K. B.
A1  - Smart,K. L.
T1  - Privacy, E-mail, and information policy: Where ethics meets reality
Y1  - 1995
VL  - 38
SP  - 158
EP  - 164
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 18
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
ID  - 102
A1  - Underwood, W. E. 
T1  - Analysis  of Presidential Electronic Records: Final Report
Y1  - 1999
Y2  - September 1999
KW  - Electronic Records Management
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Report
ER  - 

TY  - ICOMM
ID  - 167
A1  - Utah State Archives and Records Services
T1  - Electronic Records
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - Electronic Records; ID: 22
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Web Page
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 168
A1  - Walker,C.
T1  - Take a lesson from Microsoft: Clean up your mail files or you will be all washed up
Y1  - 1998
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - ID: 19
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - eWeek
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 170
A1  - Wallace,D. A.
T1  - Email in higher education: Policy issues and strategies
Y1  - 2000
Y2  - 5-6 October 2000
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - Email in higher education: Policy issues and strategies; ID: 21
T2  - ECURE 2000 Conference: "Preservation and Access for Electronic College and University Records"
PB  - ECURE
CY  - Phoenix, AZ
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
ID  - 169
A1  - Wallace,D. A.
T1  - Recordkeeping and electronic mail policy: The state of thought and the state of practice
Y1  - 1998
Y2  - 3 September 1998
KW  - Legal Issues and Policies
N1  - Recordkeeping and electronic mail policy: The state of thought and the state of practice; ID: 20
T2  - Annual meeting of the Society of American Archivists
PB  - Society of American Archivists
CY  - Orlando, FL
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Conference Proceedings
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 70
A1  - Whittaker,S.
A1  - HIrschberg,J.
T1  - The character, value, and management of personal paper archives
Y1  - 2001
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 150
EP  - 170
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - We explored general issues concerning personal information management by investigating the characteristics of office workers' paper-based information, in an industrial research environment. we examined the reasons people collect paper, types of data they collect, problems encountered in handling paper, and strategies used for processing it. We tested three specific hypotheses in the course of an office move. The greater availability of public digital data along with changes in people's jobs or interests should lead to wholescale discarding of paper data, while preparing for the move. Instead we found workers kept large, highly valued papar archives. We also expected that the major part of people's personal archives would be unique documents. However, only 49% of people's archives were unique documents, the remainder being copies of publicly available data and unread information, and we explore reasons for this. We examined the effects of paper-processing strategies on archive structure. We discovered different paper-processing strategies (filing and piling)that were relatively independent of job type. We predicated that filers' attempted to evaluate and catergorize incoming documents would produce smaller archives that were accessed frequently. Contrary to our predictions, filers amassed more information, and accessed it less frequently than pilers. We argue that filers may engage in premature filing: to clear their workspace, they archives information that later turns out to be of low value. Given the effort involved in organzing data, they are also loath to discard filed information, even when its value is uncertain. We discuss the implications of this research for digital personal information management.
N1  - ID: 80
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Transactions Computer Human Interaction
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 71
A1  - Whittaker,S.
A1  - Jones,Q.
A1  - Nardi, B. A. 
A1  - Creech,M.
A1  - Terveen,L.
A1  - Isaacs,E.
A1  - Hainsworth,J.
T1  - ContactMap: Organizing communication in a social desktop
Y1  - 2004
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 445
EP  - 471
KW  - PIM Systems and Interface Design
AB  - Modern work is a highly social process, offering many cues for people to organize communication and access information. Shared physical workplaces provide natural support for tasks such as (a) social reminding about communication commitments and keeping track of collaborators and friends, and (b) social data mining of local expertise for advice and information. However, many people now collaborate remotely using tools such as email and voicemail. Our field studies show that these tools do not provide the social cues needed for group work processes. In part, this is because the tools are organized around messages, rather than people. In response to this problem, we created ContactMap, a system that makes people the primary unit of interaction. ContactMap provides a structured social desktop representation of users' important contacts that directly supports social reminding and social data mining. We conducted an empirical evaluation of ContactMap, comparing it with traditional email systems, on tasks suggested by our fieldwork. Users performed better with ContactMap and preferred ContactMap for the majority of these tasks. We discuss future enhancements of our system and the implications of these results for future communication interfaces and for theories of mediated communication.
N1  - ID: 5
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - ACM Trans.Comput.-Hum.Interact.
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 72
A1  - Whittaker,S.
A1  - Sidner,C. L.
T1  - Email overload: Exploring personal information management of email
Y1  - 1996
SP  - 276
EP  - 283
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Email is one of the most successful computer applications yet devised. Our empirical data show however, that although email was originally designed as a communications application, it is now being used for additional functions, that it was not designed for, such as task management and personal archiving. We call this email overload. We demonstrate that email overload creates problems for personal information management: users often have cluttered inboxes containing hundreds of messages, including outstanding tasks, partially read documents and conversational threads. Furthermore, user attempts to rationalise their inboxes by filing are often unsuccessful, with the consequence that important messages get overlooked, or "lost" in archives. We explain how email overloading arises and propose technical solutions to the problem.
N1  - Email is not just used for messages, but for task management, personal archiving or filing, and asynchronous communication. Studied 20 office workers. Mean number of inbox items was 2482. Inbox can have these types of messages: “to dos”, “to reads”, messages of indeterminate status, and ongoing correspondence. Reluctance to file could be because generating and maintaining folder systems requires too much effort or the resulting collections add little value to message retrieval. “Filing often fails: on average 35% of users’ folders contain only one or two items.” Strategies for coping include: no-filers, frequent filers, and spring cleaners. Strategy choice is related to such factors as job function and incoming message volume. Frequent filing works best for those who have lower volumes of email and do not spend long amounts of time away from their desk. Suggestions for email software design include: ability to mark and organize email messages by thread, ability to mark individual inbox items as requiring action, ability to set a reminder to take action on an item.; ID: 81
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Proceedings of CHI '96 Conference on Computer Human Interaction
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - THES
ID  - 133
A1  - Wilcox,Dennis
T1  - Diffusion of Electronic Mail in a University Setting
Y1  - 1994
KW  - Email Management and Use
VL  - Master's Thesis
PB  - San Jose State University
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Dissertation/Thesis, Unpublished
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 143
A1  - Wilson,Thomas D.
T1  - Models in Information Behaviour Research
Y1  - 1999
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
SP  - 249
EP  - 270
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - Presents an outline of models of information seeking and other aspects of information behaviour, showing the relationship between communication and information behaviour in general with information seeking and information searching in information retrieval systems. Suggests that these models address issues at various levels of information behaviour and that they can be related by envisaging a 'nesting' of models. Also suggests that, within both information seeking research and information searching research, alternative models address similar issues in related ways and that the models are complementary rather than conflicting. Finally, presents an alternative, problem solving model which, it is suggested, provides a basis for relating the models in appropriate research strategies.
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Journal of Documentation
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 73
A1  - Wilson,P.
T1  - Twenty years in the life of a long-term empirical personal electronic filing study
Y1  - 2001
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
SP  - 395
EP  - 409
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
AB  - This paper reports on the first 20 years of an empirical study of electronic support for filing and retrieving hardcopy documents and electronic files. A set of requirements for the ideal personal electronic filing system is documented, and the architecture of the system that is in use in the study is described. Sixty key questions associated with this topic are listed together with a summary of the answers found to date for each one. The paper concludes that electronic filing is feasible and effective, that the potential longevity of such systems introduces new challenges, and that it is time to start exploring how an electronic filing system can be used to support the acquisition, development and creation of knowledge.
N1  - Describes different requirements identified as needed for a successful personal electronic filing system such as support of various information sources, management of information created by the systems owner and help for coping with information overload. The author used three types of solutions: a card index, an electronic index, and an electronic index plus file storage. The author concludes that filing is a “personal thing and different individuals are prepare to invest differing amounts of time and have their own preferred approaches.”; ID: 82
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Behavior and Information Technology
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 74
A1  - Yiu,K. S.
A1  - Baecker,R.
A1  - Silver,N.
A1  - Long,B.
T1  - A time-based interface for electronic mail and task management
Y1  - 1997
SP  - 19
EP  - 22
KW  - Email Management and Use
AB  - Email overload is a growing problem for many users in the workplace [1]. Users often have trouble retrieving messages for use later or in remembering to reply or to act on a particular message. There are two causes. The first is due to the problems associated with maintenance and retrieval in a semantic hierarchical structure. The second is due to current email systems are designed around the assumption that messages are informational and are read upon arrival, and that important messages are filed. The use of a semantic hierarchy for filing presents many problems for dealing with a large volume of data. Filing and maintenance is very time consuming and cognitively intensive. Since there can be hundreds of new messages arriving each day, it is difficult to file and maintain a reasonable hierarchy that facilitates efficient retrieval. Moreover, categories can become obsolete over time, and messages in different categories may become semantically related. Therefore, the user must spend time periodically to reorganize their mail hierarchy. People use email for more than communication. On the surface, email is a form of asynchronous communication. In reality, email are actually used for purposes such as document delivery and archiving, work task delegation, storing personal names and addresses, and scheduling appointments [1]. Also people need better tools to remind them of their tasks [2, 3] and current email systems lack such support.
N1  - ID: 83
A3  - Anonymous
JF  - Design of Computing Systems: Proceedings of HCI International 1997
M1  - Journal
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - 75
A1  - Zipf,G. K.
T1  - Human behavior and the principle of least effort
Y1  - 1949
KW  - Information Management Behaviors
N1  - ID: 84
PB  - Addison Wesley
A3  - Anonymous
M1  - Book, Whole
ER  -