BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives is often referred to in various teaching/learning contexts. The six levels indicate increasing levels of complexity with the top three (analysis, synthesis, evaluation) often referred to as "higher order learning." The first steps in learning about a topic concentrate on the lowest three levels in this taxonomy -- knowledge, comprehension, and application and form the basic groundwork on which higher order skills can be developed.The table below provides the name of each level, an explanation, and some of the verbs often used in writing an objective aimed at learning at this level.
Name of Level Explanation of Level Verbs Used in Objectives EVALUATION
(Conceptual Reasoning)Students critique, judge, predict, and justify based on specific, carefully spelled-out standards and criteria. Evaluation is not based on personal opinion.
Appraise
Assess
Compare
Consider
Critique
Defend
EvaluateIf...then...
Judge
Justify
Predict
Rank
Summarize
Support
WeighSYNTHESIS
(Conceptual Reasoning)Students combine, order/organize, transfer, and integrate prior knowledge and current learning to form a new whole enabling them to formulate a new hypothesis, solve a problem and/or produce a result.
Change
Combine
Compose
Create
Design
Develop
Formulate
Hypothesize
IncorporateInvent
Integrate
Order
Originate
Organize
Plan
Predict
Produce
Revise
StructureANALYSIS
(Conceptual Reasoning)Complicated, complex material can be separated into parts and analyzed to determine relationships and organization of those parts as they relate to each other, to the whole, to other concepts, problems, or material.
Analyze
Categorize
Classify
Compare/Contrast
Determine
Deduce
Differentiate
Distinguish
ExamineGeneralize
Group
Infer
Organize
Predict
Select
Sequence
Solve
SurveyAPPLICATION Students solve real-life problems and situations using relevant information, prior knowledge, steps or processes, working rules, and/or principles.
Adapt
Apply
Build
Classify
Construct
Demonstrate
Develop
Discover
Dramatize
Draw
GraphModify
Operate
Plan
Prepare
Produce
Show
Sketch
Solve
Structure
Survey
UseCOMPREHENSION/
UNDERSTANDINGUsing their own words, students will explain, interpret, and/or paraphrase new information based on prior learning. Inferences and generalizations are made from data, related to new information, and examples of uses(s) can be given.
This level has two parts: Translation and Interpretation.
Change
Compare
Convert
Defend
Define
Describe
Distinguish
Explain
IllustrateInfer
Interpret
Match
Paraphrase
Predict
Restate
Rewrite
Say
State
SummarizeKNOWLEDGE Students recall information, content of a principle, working rules, and/or steps of a process in the approximate form it was learned. (A knowledge base is necessary and supportive of more complex mental processing to take place)
Collect
Draw
Identify
Label
List
Locate
Name
RecallRecite
Recognize
Select
Show
State
Tell
Write